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西藏地区牦牛源沙门菌耐药表型和基因型相关性分析及分子特征分析
李登宇,杨美琦,张开琴,李子轩,央拉,拜占春,索朗珠斯*
0
(西藏农牧学院 动物科学学院,西藏 林芝 860000)
摘要:
为分析当前西藏地区牦牛源沙门菌耐药性与分子特征,本研究对源自西藏地区内的30株沙门菌牦牛粪便分离株,采用药敏纸片法测定相关菌株对β-内酰胺类,喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类三大类共22种抗生素的耐药情况;采用PCR扩增的方式检测bla-TEMbla-CTXbla-CMY等18种耐药基因,并采用卡方检验(Chi-square test)和费希尔精确检验(Fisher)分析耐药表型和耐药基因携带情况的相关性,将相关耐药基因进行扩增测序,并应用序列综合分析软件(CLC Sequence Viewer 7.5和MAGA7.0)分析β-内酰胺类耐药基因(bla-TEM)和氨基糖苷类耐药基因(armA)编码翻译相关的氨基酸关键位置点位差异与耐药性的关系。结果表明:1)分离的30株沙门菌对于β-内酰胺类存在比较严重耐药现象,30株沙门菌对苯唑西林(OX)耐药占比最多,为60%,对青霉素(PG)、哌拉西林(PRL)、阿莫西林(AMX)、氨苄西林(AM)、羧苄西林(CB)、头孢氨苄(CN)、头孢呋辛(CXM)、头孢曲松(CRO)、头孢拉定(RAD)、头孢他啶(CAZ)、头孢哌酮(CFP)和头孢唑林(CZO)耐药率分别为56.67%、43.33%、40.00%、53.33%、53.33%、46.67%、56.67%、53.33%、50.00%、46.67%、56.67%和30.00%;对喹诺酮药物均为敏感;对氨基糖苷类药物中的链霉素(SM),耐药率为60.00%,卡那霉素(KAN)、妥布霉素(CAS)、阿米卡星(AKM)耐药率分别为13.33%、33.33%和30.00%。2)30株沙门菌的优势耐药谱型为PG/OX/PRL/AMX/AM/CB/SM。3)β-内酰胺类相关的耐药基因bla-TEM携带率较高(53.30%,16/30),且bla-TEM与β-内酰胺类药物对青霉素(PG)、苯唑西林(OX)、哌拉西林(PRL)、阿莫西林(AMX)、氨苄西林(AM)、羧苄西林(CB)、头孢氨苄(CN)、头孢呋辛(CXM)、头孢拉定(RAD)、头孢他啶(CAZ)和头孢哌酮(CFP)的耐药性相关性,呈现出显著相关(P<0.05),氨基糖苷类相关耐药基因armA携带率为60%(18/30),且与妥布霉素(CAS)、链霉素(SM)、阿米卡星(AKM)的耐药性相关性,呈现出显著相关(P<0.05)。4)部分bla-TEMarmA编码翻译的氨基酸存在可能与沙门菌耐药能力有关的差异位点。综上,西藏地区沙门菌对β-内酰胺类药物和氨基糖苷类耐药情况形势十分严峻,西藏地区沙门菌对β-内酰胺类药物和氨基糖苷类药物耐药率高的原因是因为其携带耐药基因bla-TEMarmA,且与氨基酸位点突变有关。本研究为加强对西藏地区牦牛源沙门菌耐药性监测提供理论依据。
关键词:  沙门菌  β-内酰胺类  喹诺酮类  氨基糖苷类  分子特征
DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.03.13
投稿时间:2023-06-11
基金项目:财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-37);西藏自治区科技厅2019年度重点项目(XZ201902NB04);2022年西藏自治区级大学生创新创业训练计划项目
Correlation analysis and molecular characteristics analysis of drug resistance phenotype and genotype of Salmonella from yak in Tibet
LI Dengyu, YANG Meiqi, ZHANG Kaiqin, LI Zixuan, YANG La, BAI Zhanchun, SUOLANG Sizhu*
(College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China)
Abstract:
In order to analyze the drug resistance and molecular characteristics of Salmonella from yaks in Tibet, the drug resistance of 30 strains of Salmonella isolated from yak feces in Tibet were tested by drug-sensitive paper method with determination of resistance of 22 antibiotics including three major categories of lactams, quinolones and aminoglycosides. PCR amplification was used to detect 18 drug resistance genes such as bla-TEMbla-CTX and bla-CMY.Chi-square test and Fisher Precise test were used to analyze the correlation between the expression forms of drug resistance and the carrying status of drug resistance genes. The related drug resistance genes were amplified and sequenced.CLC Sequence Viewer 7.5 and MAGE 7.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between the difference of key amino acid sites related to coding translation of β-lactam resistance gene (bla-TEM) and aminoglycoside resistance gene (armA) and drug resistance characteristics. The results showed that: 1) The 30 isolates showed serious resistance to β-lactam, there was a relatively serious phenomenon of resistance to lactams, with 30 strains of Salmonella accounting for the most resistance to oxacillin (OX), accounted for 60%. They are also resistant to penicillin (PG), piperacillin (PRL), amoxicillin (AMX), amPicillin (AM), carbenicillin (CB), cephalexin (CN), cefuroxime (CXM), ceftriaxone (CRO), cefadine (RAD), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefoperazone (CFP) and cefzolin (CZO).The resistance rate were 56.67%, 43.33%, 40.00%, 53.33%, 53.33%, 46.67%, 56.67%, 53.67%, 50.00%, 46.67% 56.67% and 30.00%, respectively. They were sensitive to quinolones. The resistance rate to strePtomycin (SM) in aminoglycoside accounted for 60%, while the resistance rates to kanamycin (KAN), tobramycin (CAS) and amikacin (AKM) were 13.33%, 33.33% and 30.00%, respectively. 2) The dominant drug resistance profile of 30 Salmonella strains was PG/OX/PRL/AMX/AM/CB/SM. 3) The carrying rate of β-lactam related resistance gene bla-TEM was higher (53.3%, 16/30). In addition, bla-TEM and β-lactam drugs showed positive effects on penicillin (PG), oxacillin (OX), piperacillin (PRL), amoxicillin (AMX), ampicillin (AM), Carbenicillin (CB), cefalexin (CN), cefuroxime (CXM), cefradine (RAD), ceftazidme (CAZ) and cefoperazone (CFP). There was a significant correlation (P<0.05), the carrying rate of aminoglycosid-related resistance gene armA was 60%(18/30), and it was significantly correlated with the resistance of tobramycin (CAS), streptomycin (SM) and Amikacin (AKM) (P<0.05). 4) Some amino acids encoded by bla-TEM and armA had differences sites related to the resistance of Salmonella bacteria. In summary, the situation of β-lactam drug and aminoglycoside drug resistance of Salmonella in Tibet is very serious. The reason for the high resistance rate of β-lactam drug and aminoglycoside drug in Tibet is that Salmonella bacteria carry resistance genes bla-TEM and armA, which are related to amino acid site mutations. This study provides a theoretical basis for strengthening the resistance monitoring of yak Salmonella in Tibet.
Key words:  Salmonella  beta-lactam  quinolones  aminoglycosides  molecular characterization