| 摘要: |
| 为研究减少在番茄茎秆好氧堆肥过程中氮素损失的途径，提高堆肥品质，以粉碎的番茄茎秆为原料，按物料干重分别加入5%的腐殖酸（T1）、氯化钙（T2）和过磷酸钙（T3），同时以不进行任何添加的堆体作为对照（CK），进行45 d的好氧堆肥试验。结果表明：3种添加剂均可降低堆肥过程中的氮素损失，同时减少了NH3的挥发量；堆肥结束时，CK、T1、T2和T3处理的氮素损失率分别为18.04%、15.00%、12.65%和14.05%，累计NH3挥发量为CK（1 648.11 mg/kg）>T1（1 330.35 mg/kg）>T3（995.35 mg/kg）>T2（528.11 mg/kg）。其中，添加氯化钙的处理保氮效果最好，与对照相比，氮素损失率低至12.65%，NH3挥发量减少67.96%；各处理高温期均≥3 d，发芽指数≥80%，表明堆体已经腐熟，无植物毒性。综上，番茄茎秆好氧堆肥中添加氯化钙，对于减少堆肥过程中的氮素损失较为理想。本研究可为番茄茎秆好氧堆肥保氮工艺优化提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 番茄茎秆 好氧堆肥 氮素损失 氨挥发 添加剂 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.03.07 |
| 投稿时间：2023-07-26 |
| 基金项目:陕西省技术创新引导专项（2021QFY08-02）；2021年陕西省千亿级设施农业专项；西藏高原设施蔬菜关键技术创新与集成（XZ202202YD0002C）；设施蔬菜瓜果名优品种引进与标准化示范基地建设（QYXTZX-AL2023-07） |
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| Effects of additives on the fermentation process and nitrogen loss of tomato stem aerobic composting |
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ZHOU Shun1, LI Yang1, ZHANG Guanzhi1, XU Peng1, LIN Aiyu1, WU Yongjun2, YANG Zhenchao1*
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| (1.College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Northwest Facility Horticulture Engineering of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;2.College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to study the ways to reduce nitrogen loss during aerobic composting of tomato stalks and to improve the quality of compost， a 45 d aerobic composting test was conducted by using crushed tomato stalks as raw material. Five percent humic acid （T1）， calcium chloride （T2） or calcium superphosphate （T3） were added according to the dry weight of the material， and at the same time， a heap without any additive was used as a control （CK）. The results showed that： All three additives reduced the nitrogen loss during composting， as well as the volatilization of ammonia； At the end of composting， the nitrogen loss rates of CK， T1， T2 and T3 treatments at the end of composting were 18.04%， 15.00%， 12.65% and 14.05%， respectively， with the cumulative ammonia volatilization of CK （1 648.11 mg/kg）＞T1 （1 330.35 mg/kg）＞T3（995.35 mg/kg）＞T2（528.11 mg/kg）. Among them， the treatment with added calcium chloride had the best nitrogen retention effect with a low nitrogen loss rate of 12.65% and showed a 67.96% reduction in ammonia volatilization compared with the control； The high temperature period of all the treatments was ≥3 d， and the germination index was greater than or equal to 80%， which indicated that the heap had been rotted and was not phytotoxic. In conclusion， the addition of calcium chloride to the aerobic composting of tomato stalks is ideal for reducing nitrogen loss in the composting process. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of nitrogen conservation process of tomato stalk aerobic composting. |
| Key words: tomato stem aerobic composting nitrogen loss ammonia volatilization additive |
