| 摘要: |
| 为了解我国油菜主导品种的品质发展现状和品种改良趋势，以“油菜品种改良” “油菜育种” “油菜产业发展”为关键词检索了PubMed、SpringerLink及中国知网等数据库，获得1987—2023年已发表的相关文献70篇，并结合农业农村部、国家统计局和中国种业大数据平台发布的油菜主导品种数据，综合分析我国油菜主导品种及产业现状、存在的风险与不足以及未来发展趋势。结果表明：1）我国油菜种植面积趋于稳定，油菜品种数量大幅增长，多样性更趋丰富；2）油菜主导品种含油率提升明显，且单产不断取得突破；3）当前我国油菜品种存在一些风险，如特专型品种含油率和产量较低、油菜品种同质化严重、抗病性不强、生育期短且抗逆性强的品种不足等。综上，我国油菜产业在品种改良和产业发展方面取得了显著进展，但仍需关注品种品质和抗病性等问题。未来可通过加强油菜种质资源收集与利用推进转基因生物育种的研发，推进油菜株型、抗性和光合效能的改造以实现产油率等一系列性状的再突破，满足多元化需求，探索密植增产技术，提升油菜机械化生产水平，推动我国油菜产业的可持续发展。 |
| 关键词: 油菜 品种改良 发展趋势 分子育种 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.03.05 |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-16 |
| 基金项目:中国农业科学院科技创新工程新兴学科培育项目（CAAS-OCRI-XKPY-202101）；云南省科技人才与平台计划（202105AF150075） |
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| Current situation and development trends of rapeseed variety improvement in China |
|
HU Zhiyong, XIAN Mengzhu, LI Jun*
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| (Oil Crops Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Wuhan 430062， China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to understand the quality development status and variety improvement trends of the leading rapeseed varieties in China， PubMed， SpringerLink， and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched by taking “rapeseed variety improvement” “rapeseed breeding” and “rapeseed industry development” as keywords. A total of 70 relevant literature published from 1987 to 2023 were obtained and combined with rapeseed leading variety data released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， the National Bureau of Statistics and the China Seed Industry Big Data Platform. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to explore the leading varieties and industry status of rapeseed in China， as well as the existing risks and shortcomings， as well as future development trends. The results show that： 1） The planting area of rapeseed in China is stabilizing， the number of rapeseed varieties is significantly increasing， and the diversity is becoming more abundant； 2） The oil content of the leading rapeseed variety has significantly increased， and the yield has continuously achieved breakthroughs； 3） There are some risks in the current rapeseed varieties in China， such as the low oil content and yield of specialized varieties， severe homogenization of rapeseed varieties， weak disease resistance， short growth period， and insufficient varieties with stress resistance. In summary， China's rapeseed industry has made significant progress in variety improvement and industrial development， but still needs to pay attention to issues such as variety quality and disease resistance. In the future， efforts can be made to strengthen the collection and utilization of rapeseed germplasm resources， promote the research and development of genetically modified organisms for breeding， and promote the transformation of rapeseed plant type， resistance， and photosynthetic efficiency to achieve a series of breakthroughs in oil production. This will meet diversified needs， explore close planting and yield increasing technologies to improve the mechanization production level of rapeseed， and promote the sustainable development of China's rapeseed industry. |
| Key words: rapeseed variety improvement development trends molecular breeding |
