| 摘要: |
| 为探明黄土高原旱作丘陵区全生物降解渗水地膜覆盖对土壤水热状况和谷子产量的影响，于2021—2022年进行大田试验，设置渗水地膜（T1）、普通地膜（T2）、全生物降解渗水地膜（T3）3种不同类型地膜覆盖，以不覆膜（CK）为对照，测定不同类型地膜覆盖处理的谷子干物质积累量、产量及土壤含水率、土壤温度等指标，并对全生物降解渗水地膜降解情况和经济效益进行分析。结果表明：全生物降解渗水地膜（T3）30 d后开始出现降解，到150 d地膜出现网状裂纹，大部分地膜破碎成小块，单位面积降解率平均为54.3%。覆膜处理下谷子全生育时期的土壤温度日变化均表现为先增高后降低的趋势，16：00时土温达到最高，10 cm土层处3种地膜处理较不覆盖处理升高0.5~8.0 ℃，20 cm土层处升高0.3~6.5 ℃，在气温较高时，T3处理的土壤温度较T2处理降低0.5~3.5 ℃。与不覆膜（CK）相比，各覆膜处理均可使耕层0—40 cm土层土壤含水率升高7.8%~38.1%。地膜覆盖能显著提升谷子拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期地上部干物质积累量，T1、T2和T3处理相对于CK平均增幅分别为37.7%~91.2%、37.2%~92.1%和15.4%~56.6%。在产量方面，全生物降解渗水地膜处理（T3）2年籽粒产量、生物产量分别较CK增加35.4%~37.5%、30.8%~44.1%，净收入平均增加9 861.71元/hm2。从谷子生长、产量和水热动态及经济效益、生态效益等方面综合考虑，全生物降解渗水地膜可替代普通地膜应用到黄土高原旱作谷子生产中，且能有效缓解普通地膜造成的土壤环境污染问题。 |
| 关键词: 土壤水分 土壤温度 产量 全生物降解渗水地膜 降解速率 经济效益 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.03.04 |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-02 |
| 基金项目:内蒙古科技计划项目（2022YFXZ0025）；国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系项目（CARS-07）；国家重点研发计划国际合作重点专项（2018YFE0107900）；内蒙古重大专项（2021ZD0002）；内蒙古自治区燕麦工程实验室能力建设项目（BR221023） |
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| Effects of fully biodegradable water permeable mulch on soil hydrothermal and the yield of dry-crop foxtail millet on the Loess Plateau |
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HU Kexin1,2, MI Junzhen1*, LIU Jinghui2*, ZHAO Baoping1, WANG Ying1, ZHANG Lanying1, CUI Xuemei1
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| (1.Oat Engineering Research Center/National Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Research and Its Innovation Team/Oat Whole Industry Chain Science and Technology Innovation Team, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010019, China;2.Inner Mongolia University Oat Engineering Research Center,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Laboratory of Oat, Hohhot 010019, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to investigate the application effect of fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch on soil hydrothermal and the yield of dry-crop foxtail millet in the dry-farming hilly area of the Loess Plateau， a field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022. A total of three different types of mulch cover， water permeable plastic film mulch （T1）， plastic film mulch （T2） and fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch （T3） were selected and no mulch （CK） is used as the control. The effect of the different types of mulch treatment on dry matter accumulation and yield of foxtail millet， soil water content and soil temperature and to anaylzed the degradation performance and economic benefits of fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch were compared and analyzed. The results showed that： The degradation of fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch （T3） began to occur at 30 d， and the reticulated cracks appeared in 150 d time. The most of the mulch was broken into small pieces， with an average degradation rate of 54.3% per unit area； The daily change of soil temperature in each fertility period of foxtail millet under mulching treatment showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing， and the soil temperature reached the highest at 16：00， and the temperature of three mulch treatments increased 0.5 to 8.0 ℃ at 10 cm soil layer， and 0.3 to 6.5 ℃ at 20 cm soil layer compared with the non-mulching treatment （CK）. At higher temperatures， soil temperatures in the T3 treatment was reduced by 0.5 to 3.5 ℃ compared to the T2 treatment； Compared with CK， all mulching treatments increased soil water content in the 0 to 40 cm soil layer of the tillage layer by 7.8% to 38.1%； Mulching significantly increased the aboveground dry matter accumulation of cereals at the jointing stage， heading stage， and filling stage， with average increases of 37.7% to 91.2%， 37.2% to 92.1%， and 15.4% to 56.6% for the T1， T2， and T3 treatments， respectively. In terms of yield， the 2-year seed yield and biomass yield of the fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch treatment （T3） compared with CK were significantly increased by 35.4% to 37.5% and 30.8% to 44.1%， respectively， and the net income was increased by an average of 9 861.71 yuan/hm2. From the perspective of comprehensive consideration of foxtail millet growth， yield and soil moisture content and temperature and economic benefits， the fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch can be applied to the production of dry-crop foxtail millet in the Loess Plateau instead of plastic film mulch， and it can effectively alleviate the soil environmental pollution caused by ordinary membranes. |
| Key words: soil moisture soil temperature yield fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film degradation rate economic benefits |
