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| 基于养分平衡原理的温室番茄沼液替代氮肥适宜模式及评价 |
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郑健1,2,3，宿智鹏1,2，刘俊彦1,2，王燕1,3
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| (1.兰州理工大学 能源与动力工程学院,兰州 730050;2.甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室,兰州 730050;3.西北低碳城镇支撑技术协同创新中心,兰州 730050) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为探索沼液替代氮肥的适宜模式，以番茄为供试材料，首先根据作物养分平衡原理确定试验种植番茄的施氮量为374.8 kg/hm2，并基于该施氮量开展沼液替代氮肥适宜模式试验和评价分析。试验设置纯沼液处理（CF1）、纯氮肥处理（CF2）、沼液替代50%（T1）、35%（T2）、25%（T3）、15%（T4）6个处理，分析沼液替代氮肥对番茄农艺性状、产量和品质的影响，并对其农艺性状生长潜力及最大生长速率进行Logistic曲线分析，同时选取番茄可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、维生素C、硝酸盐和含水量作为评价指标，运用TOPSIS法、灰色关联分析法、对称交互熵多属性排序法和VIKOR法4种单一评价方法进行多属性决策评价，再采用均值法、模糊Borda法和Copeland法对4种单一评价结果进行组合评价，由此构建番茄品质综合效益评价体系。研究表明：T3处理番茄生长速率最大，呈现最优的番茄农艺性状；Logistic曲线的生长潜力及最大生长速率表现为T3>T4>T2>T1；T2处理产量最大（4.72 kg/株），T3次之（4.55 kg/株）；随着沼液替代氮肥比例的增加，可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量呈现增长趋势，硝酸盐含量呈现下降趋势，可滴定酸、维生素C和果实含水率呈现开口向下的抛物线趋势，T2处理为抛物线最大值；4种单一评价方法得到结果存在差异，3种组合评价法结果均得到T2处理（沼液替代35%氮肥）组合评价得分最高，尽管T3处理（沼液替代25%氮肥）时番茄的农艺性状（株高、茎粗及干物质累积质量）及最大生长速率表现最优，但T2处理（沼液替代35%氮肥）可获得最适宜的番茄果实产量、品质及评价结果。 |
| 关键词: 番茄 沼液 氮肥 养分平衡 品质 组合评价 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.02.08 |
| 投稿时间：2023-06-28 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51969012）；甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目（2021CYZC-27，2021CYZC-33）；济南市水务科技项目（JNSWKJ202206）；2023年高校教师创新基金项目（2023B-431） |
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| Suitable model and evaluation of nitrogen fertilizer replacement by greenhouse tomato digestate based on nutrient balance principle |
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ZHENG Jian1,2,3, SU Zhipeng1,2, LIU Junyan1,2, WANG Yan1,3
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| (1.College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;2.Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass and Solar Energy Complementary Energy Supply System, Lanzhou 730050, China;3.Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center of Low Carbon Town Support Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the suitable mode of replacing nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry， tomato was used as the test material. According to the principle of crop nutrient balance， the nitrogen application rate of tomato planted in the experiment was 374.8 kg/hm2， and the appropriate model test and evaluation analysis of biogas slurry to replace nitrogen fertilizer were carried out based on this nitrogen application rate. The experiment included 6 treatments， which were pure biogas slurry treatment （CF1）， pure nitrogen fertilizer treatment （CF2）， biogas slurry instead of nitrogen fertilizer 50% （T1）， 35% （T2）， 25% （T3）， and 15% （T4） treatment， respectively. To analyze the effect of biogas slurry replacing nitrogen fertilizer on tomato agronomic traits， yield and quality. And carry out Logistic curve analysis on its agronomic traits growth potential and maximum growth rate. Tomato soluble sugar， titratable acid， soluble solids， vitamin C， nitrate and water content were further selected as evaluation indicators. This study adopted the TOPSIS method， gray relational analysis method， symmetrical cross entropy multi-attribute ranking method and VIKOR method to evaluate multi-attribute decision-making， and then used the mean value method， fuzzy Borda method and Copeland method to evaluate the four single evaluation results. Based on above analysis， a comprehensive benefit evaluation system for tomato quality was constructed. The results showed that： The T3 treatment had the highest growth rate and optimal agronomic traits of tomato， the growth potential and maximum growth rate of the Logistic curve in descending order is T3>T4>T2>T1， while the T2 treatment had the highest yield （4.72 kg/plant） and T3 is in the second highest （4.55 kg/plant）； With the increase of the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer replaced by biogas slurry， the content of soluble sugar and soluble solids showed an increasing trend， the content of nitrate showed a downward trend， titratable acid， vitamin C and fruit water content showed a downward parabolic trend， and T2 treatment is the maximum value of parabola； There were differences in the results obtained by the four single evaluation methods， and the results of the three combination evaluation methods all yielded the highest combination evaluation scores for the T2 treatment （35% nitrogen fertilizer replaced by biogas）. Despite the optimum performance of agronomic traits （plant height， stem thickness and cumulative mass of dry matter） and maximum growth rate of tomato in T3 treatment （25% replacement of nitrogen fertilizer by biogas）. However， T2 treatment （replacement of 35% nitrogen fertilizer by biogas） resulted in the optimum tomato yield， quality and evaluation results. |
| Key words: tomato biogas slurry nitrogen fertilizer nutrient balance quality combination evaluation |
