| 摘要: |
| 为研究乡村聚落的历史起源与发展，全面了解乡村聚落产生与发展的基本规律，借助古遗址和传统村落数据，采用最邻近点指数和核密度估计法，对史前时期和古代时期河北省乡村聚落在数量及空间分布上的演变情况进行了分析。结果表明:1)史前时期乡村聚落的选址主要与自然因素影响下的农业生产条件变化有关。旧石器时代人类主要在河北省北部生活；随着新石器时代中农业的出现，乡村聚落逐渐形成，且呈现出数量增加、平原地区匮乏、向南发展的特征；2)古代时期乡村聚落数量的快速变化主要与战争、灾害等社会因素相关，如明朝采取从山西移民的方式恢复战后人口；3)历史上的乡村聚落呈现出了明显的集聚分布态势，集聚区包括张西南地区、石西地区和邢西—邯西地区，且农业生产条件始终是影响乡村聚落空间分布的主导因素。因此，农业作为乡村聚落存在和延续的基本条件和农村经济社会形成最重要的基石，未来应在乡村聚落调控中着重考虑。本研究可为村庄规划中科学、合理划定古村落并保护其历史文化遗产提供理论与实践参考。 |
| 关键词: 乡村聚落 历史起源 历史演变 历史动力 河北省 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.12.18 |
| 投稿时间：2023-04-18 |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑项目(2015BAD06B01) |
|
| Research on the historical origin and development of rural settlement in Hebei Province |
|
WANG Nan1,HAO Jinmin2*,ZHANG Jinyi2
|
| (1.Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China;2.College of Land Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality of Ministry of Natural Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To study the historical origin and development of rural settlement and fully understand the basic law of the existence and continuity of rural settlements, the evolution of rural settlement in Hebei Province in prehistoric and ancient times in terms of quantity and spatial distribution were analyzed with the help of the data from ancient sites and traditional villages and the methods of the Nearest Neighbor Index and the Kernel Density Estimation. The results showed that: 1)The site selection of rural settlements in prehistoric times was mainly related to the changes in agricultural production conditions under the influence of natural factors. Humans mainly lived in the north of Hebei Province in the Paleolithic Age. With the emergence of agriculture in the Neolithic Age, rural settlements gradually formed, and showed the characteristics of increasing numbers, lacking in plains and developing southward. 2)The rapid changes in the number of rural settlements in ancient times were mainly related to social factors such as wars and disasters. For example, the Ming dynasty adopted the method of migration from Shanxi Province to restore the post-war population. 3)Historically, rural settlements showed obvious agglomeration in space. The agglomeration regions included the southwest of Zhangjiakou City, the west of Shijiazhuang City, and the west of Xingtai City and Handan City. Agricultural production conditions had always been the leading factor affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements. Therefore, as the basic condition for the existence and continuity of rural settlements and the most important cornerstone for the formation of rural economy and society, agriculture should be considered in the regulation of rural settlements in the future. This study can provide theoretical and practical references for scientifically and reasonably defining ancient villages and protecting their historical and cultural heritage in village planning. |
| Key words: rural settlement historical origin historical evolution historical motivation Hebei Province |
