| 摘要: |
| 为明确我国红枣中苯并［a］芘的污染水平和膳食暴露风险，对市场抽样调查的100个干制红枣样品进行检测，采用非参数Bootstrap方法对干制红枣中苯并［a］芘的浓度进行估算，结合中国2个代表性人群(成人和儿童)红枣膳食摄入量，计算通过红枣消费造成的苯并［a］芘膳食平均暴露量和高端暴露量，参考FAO/WHO食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)对苯并［a］芘致癌性起始点(Point of departure，100 μg/kg bw.d)，计算暴露限值(Margin of exposure，MOE)，得出膳食风险结论。同时，进行实验室模拟新鲜红枣干燥试验，明确红枣干制过程中苯并［a］芘的污染来源。结果表明:干制红枣检测样品中苯并［a］芘质量分数的平均值为2.00 μg/kg、97.5分位值为7.30 μg/kg；通过红枣消费造成的苯并［a］芘膳食平均暴露量为0.000 013 μg/kg bw.d(成人)和0.000 054 μg/kg bw.d(儿童)，高端暴露量(97.5分位值)为0.000 152 μg/kg bw.d(成人)和0.000 535 μg/kg bw.d(儿童)；暴露限值为1 851 852~7 692 307(按苯并［a］芘质量分数和膳食消费量的平均值估算)和186 916~657 895(按苯并［a］芘质量分数和膳食消费量的97.5分位值估算)，远超出JECFA推荐的MOE>10 000的安全边界。同时，考虑到红枣的低膳食消费率(0.03%~0.25%)，红枣中苯并［a］芘污染属于低膳食暴露风险。通过实验室模拟新鲜红枣干燥试验证明煤火烘干干燥是造成红枣中苯并［a］芘浓度较高的重要原因。 |
| 关键词: 红枣 苯并［a］芘 膳食风险评估 Bootstrap 暴露限值 不确定性 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.12.06 |
| 投稿时间：2023-05-21 |
| 基金项目:国家农产品质量安全风险评估重大专项(2020:14205042)；山西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDYF122)；山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题项目(YCX2020207) |
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| Benzo［a］pyrene contamination in jujube dates and dietary risk assessment |
|
DING Chao,QIAO Xiongwu,QI Yanli,HAO Bianqing,QIN Shu,MA Liping
|
| (Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Agro-Products(Taiyuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To clarify the contamination level and dietary exposure risk of benzo［a］pyrene in dried jujube dates(Ziziphus jujuba)in China, 100 dried jujube samples were tested in a survey. The concentration distribution of benzo［a］pyrene in dried jujube dates was estimated by the non-parametric bootstrap resampling. Combined with the jujube dates consumption data of two representative Chinese populations(adults and children), dietary exposure of benzo［a］pyrene through eating jujube dates was calculated. Referring to the Joint Expert Committee of FAO/WHO on Food Additives(JECFA)for the point of departure of the carcinogenicity of benzo［a］pyrene the margin of exposure(MOE)was derived for resulting the conclusion of dietary risk of benzo［a］pyrene through consumption of jujube dates. At the same time, for identifying the source of benzo［a］pyrene contamination, an analog of drying process of fresh jujube dates was conducted under laboratory conditions. The results showed that: The mean of benzo［a］pyrene concentration in jujube dates was 2. 00 μg/kg, and the value at 97. 5th percentile was 7. 30 μg/kg. Dietary exposure of benzo［a］pyrene by consumption of jujube dates at mean intake contributed to 0. 000 013 μg/kg bw. d for adults, and 0. 000 054 μg/kg bw. d for children, and at high intake(97. 5th percentile), contributed to 0. 000 152 μg/kg bw. d for adults, and 0. 000 535 μg/kg bw. d for children. MOEs reached 1 851 852-7 692 307 at mean intake, and 186 916-657 895 at 97. 5th percentile intake. This was much higher than the JECFA recommended MOE(>10 000). At the same time, considering the low proportion of jujube dates consumption in total diets(0. 03%-0. 25%), the exposure of benzo［a］pyrene by consumption of jujube dates could be concluded as low concern of dietary risk for health of target populations. Through laboratory simulation of fresh jujube drying experiments, it has been proven that coal fire drying is an important reason for the high concentration of benzo［a］pyrene in jujube. |
| Key words: Ziziphus jujuba benzo［a］pyrene dietary risk assessment Bootstrap MOE uncertainty |
