| 本文已被：浏览 229次 下载 297次 |
码上扫一扫！ |
| 高温下秸秆还田耦合减氮对水稻剑叶光合生理特性的影响 |
|
赵金标1,2,胡雪1,2,徐承昱1,2,陈远杰1,2,俞施龙1,2,黄丽芬1,2*
|
|
|
| (1.扬州大学 农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室, 江苏 扬州 225009;2.扬州大学 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏 扬州 225009) |
|
| 摘要: |
| 为探究气候变暖背景下秸秆还田和减氮施肥等农艺措施对水稻生产的综合影响，在常温(NT)、中度升温(较常温提高2 ℃，MT)和高温(较常温提高5 ℃，HT)3个温度处理下，设置常规施肥(CF)、减氮施肥(CDF，较常规处理减20%氮肥)、秸秆还田(SF)和秸秆还田耦合减氮(SDF，秸秆还田并减施20%氮肥)4个施肥处理，测定水稻在不同生育期剑叶生理特性、养分吸收、茎鞘和籽粒非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)等指标。结果表明，当始穗期温度升高2 ℃和5 ℃，灌浆期剑叶SPAD分别增加37.77%和42.86%；抽穗期剑叶净光合速率(Pn)分别降低7.99%和17.44%，NT和MT下SF的剑叶Pn较CF处理升高13.71%和5.88%，高温下减氮施肥处理剑叶Pn最高，较CF处理提高8.97%。HT处理水稻穗部养分吸收量占地上部养分吸收总量比例显著降低，植株地上部氮、磷、钾吸收总量均降低，HT下分别降低25.75%~53.98%、53.29%~64.82%和7.92%~34.53%，SF水稻穗部总吸钾量在MT和HT下分别较CF升高10.73%和6.82%。温度升高后水稻茎鞘NSC的积累以及向籽粒的转运降低，与CF处理相比，SF、SDF和CDF在常温和中度升温下均对籽粒非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量积累有促进作用，NT下 SDF水稻籽粒NSC含量较CF增加65.21%，MT下SF的NSC积累较CF增加26.04%；HT下表现相反，SF、SDF和CDF处理NSC转运和积累受到显著抑制，分别较CF降低20.35%、18.57%和18.60%。综上，采用秸秆还田耦合减氮可显著提高常温(NT)条件下水稻籽粒NSC含量，中度升温(MT)下采用秸秆还田可使水稻籽粒NSC含量较常规施肥(CF)显著升高。 |
| 关键词: 水稻 高温 秸秆还田 减氮处理 生理特性 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.12.04 |
| 投稿时间：2023-04-19 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300102)；国家自然科学基金(31801310)；江苏省2019年度省级现代农业发展项目(2019-SJ-039-08-11) |
|
| Effects of coupling straw returning and nitrogen application reduction on the physiological characteristics of rice under high temperature |
|
ZHAO Jinbiao1,2,HU Xue1,2,XU Chengyu1,2,CHEN Yuanjie1,2,YU Shilong1,2,HUANG Lifen1,2*
|
| (1.Agricultural College/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;2.Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To explore the effects of straw incorporation, reducing nitrogen fertilizer application under the background of increasing temperature on rice production, a total of 3 temperature treatments, normal temperature(NT), moderate temperature(MT, increased by 2 ℃ compared to normal temperature), and extreme high temperature(HT, increased by 5 ℃ compared to normal temperature), were designed 4 different fertilization treatments, conventional fertilization(CF), nitrogen reduction(CDF, reduced by 20% nitrogen fertilizer application compared to conventional treatment), straw incorporation(SF)and straw incorporation coupled with nitrogen reduction(SDF, straw incorporation combined with a 20% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer), were conducted. The physiological characteristics of flag leaves, nutrient uptake, and non-structural carbohydrates(NSC)in stems, sheaths, and grains of ‘Nanjing 9108' at different growth stages were determined. The results showed that: With the temperature increase of 2 and 5 ℃ at the initial heading stage, the SPAD values of flag leaves at the filling stage increased by 37. 77% and 42. 86%, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves under SF treatment decreased by 13. 71% and 5. 88% compared with CF treatment, and the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves under high temperature reduced nitrogen fertilization treatment was the highest, which was 8. 97% higher than CF treatment. The proportion of nutrient uptake at the panicle to the total nutrient uptake in the shoot was significantly reduced under the high temperature treatment, and the total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the shoot of the plant were all reduced by 25. 75%-53. 98%, 53. 29%-64. 82% and 7. 92%-34. 53%, respectively. The total potassium uptake of rice panicles under SF treatment increased by 10. 73% and 6. 82% under MT and HT, respectively, compared with CF treatment. Temperature rise reduced the accumulation of NSCs in rice stem sheaths and their transport to grains. Compared with CF treatment, SF, SDF and CDF all promoted the accumulation of NSCs in grains under room temperature and moderate temperature increase. The NSC content in rice grains of SDF with NT increased by 65. 21% compared to CF; NSC accumulation in SF treatment increased by 26. 04% compared with CF treatment under MT; and it was opposite at high temperature. NSC transport and accumulation were significantly inhibited by SF, SDF and CDF treatment, which were 20. 35%, 18. 57% and 18. 60% lower than CF, respectively. In summary, using straw returning to the field coupled with nitrogen reduction at normal temperature can significantly increase the NSC content in grains, and using straw returning to the field under moderate temperature rise can significantly promote the NSC content in grains by 26. 04% compared to conventional fertilization. |
| Key words: rice high temperature straw returning reducing nitrogen physiological characteristic |
