| 摘要: |
| 为探究增密后对带状套作玉米产量的调控效应，分别设置种植模式、密度、施氮量三因素裂区田间试验，主因素为种植模式:带状套作玉米(A1)和单作玉米(A2)，副因素为种植密度:60 000(B1)和75 000株/hm2(B2)，副副因素为施氮水平:0(C1)、225(C2)、300(C3)、375 kg/hm2(C4)，连续2年的短期定位大田试验，测定并分析各生育时期2种种植模式下玉米的产量、干物质积累、叶面积指数及叶绿素含量。结果表明，随着密度从60 000增至75 000株/hm2，单作和带状套作玉米分别增产5.36%和5.87%，带状套作玉米增产幅度较单作玉米高8.69%；在2种密度条件下，带状套作玉米施氮量达到300和375 kg/hm2时，产量较不施氮处理增加15.94%和14.28%，单作玉米施氮量达到225和300 kg/hm2时，产量增加18.2%和19.39%。带状套作玉米2年平均产量均显著低于单作玉米，但密度和施氮量分别增至75 000株/hm2和375 kg/hm2后，产量与单作间差距均有缩短。带状套作玉米在60 000株/hm2和300 kg/hm2的密氮水平下，干物质积累量较不施氮增加了20.3%，叶绿素含量的增幅较单作玉米升高42.6%，延长了物质积累活跃生长期，增加生长量，可进一步挖掘产量潜力。综上，在带状套作玉米60 000株/hm2配合施氮300 kg/hm2和75 000株/hm2配合施氮375 kg/hm2下均可获得较高的产量，分别达8 914.62和9 093.17 kg/hm2，可使产量与单作玉米无显著差异。 |
| 关键词: 玉米 密度 氮肥 带状套作 产量 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.12.03 |
| 投稿时间：2023-05-22 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300902-02、2022YFD1100203)；玉米新品种关键栽培技术创新与应用项目(2021YFYZ0005)；天府新区大豆玉米带状复合种植技术集成与应用项目(XZY1-03) |
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| Effect of density and nitrogen interaction on the yield of maize in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping |
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LIAO Ruoxing,HU Yun,PU Tian,CHEN Guopeng,LIANG Bing,FENG Liang,YANG Wenyu,WANG Xiaochun
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| (College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Three-factor split-zone plot field trial including planting pattern, density and nitrogen fertilization level was used to investigate the regulatory effects of increase planting density on maize yield in relay strip intercropping. The main factor was the planting pattern: Maize relay strip intercropping(A1)and maize monoculture(A2). The sub-factor was the planting density: 60 000(B1)and 75 000 plants/hm2(B2). The sub-sub-factor was the nitrogen fertilization level: 0(C1), 225(C2), 300(C3), 375 kg/hm2(C4). A short-term locational field trial was conducted for two consecutive years to determine and analyze the maize yield, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and chlorophyll content of maize under the two planting patterns at each period. The results showed that: When the density increased from 60 000 to 75 000 plants/hm2, the maize yield in monoculture and intercropping increased by 5. 36% and 5. 87% respectively, and the maize yield increase in maize relay strip intercropping was 8. 69% higher than that of maize monoculture. Under the two densities, when the application of nitrogen increases to 300 and 375 kg/hm2. The yield was increased by 15. 94% and 14. 28%, respectively, compared to the no nitrogen treatment. The application of nitrogen up to 225 and 300 kg/hm2 of maize monoculture increased yields by 18. 2% and 19. 39%, respectively. The maize yield in intercropping was significantly lower than that of monoculture. However, the yield difference in maize monoculture was reduced when the planting density and N application were increased to 75 000 plants/hm2 and 375 kg/hm2, respectively. The dry matter accumulation of maize in relay strip intercropping increased by 20. 3% and chlorophyll content increased by 42. 6% compared to maize monoculture under 60 000 plants/hm2 and 300 kg/hm2 nitrogen level, which prolonged the active growth period of matter accumulation and increased the growth volume, and were worth to be further exploited for their maize yield potential. In conclusion, the higher maize yield of 8 914. 62 and 9 093. 17 kg/hm2 were obtained at the combination of 60 000 plants/hm2 planting density+300 kg/hm2 nitrogen application and 75 000 plants/hm2 planting density+375 kg/hm2 nitrogen application in maize relay strip intercropping, and there was no significant difference with maize monoculture yield. |
| Key words: maize density nitrogenous fertilizer relay strip intercropping yield |
