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| 增碳控磷对设施土壤磷素有效性的影响 |
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魏露露1,平怀香1,陈硕1,梁斌2,陈清1,郝祥蕊3,崔建宇1*
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| (1.中国农业大学 资源与环境学院/农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193;2.青岛农业大学 农业资源与环境学院, 山东 青岛 266000;3.上海农乐生物制品股份有限公司, 上海 201419) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为解决设施菜田粪肥施用过量导致的土壤磷素累积和环境风险问题，本研究以设施菜田中的磷素管理措施为研究对象，基于寿光田间定位试验，设置了稻壳不还田施用磷肥(S0P52)、稻壳还田配施磷肥(S20P52)、稻壳不还田且不施用磷肥(S0P0)和稻壳还田不施用磷肥(S20P0)4个处理，利用薄膜扩散梯度技术(Diffusive gradients in thin films technique，DGT)和生物有效磷分组方法对土壤磷素进行表征，探究外加碳源的同时控制磷肥投入对设施番茄产量及土壤磷素盈余、土壤基本理化性质和磷素有效性的影响，并结合土壤化学性质和微生物量等探究影响磷素有效性的主要因素。结果表明不同施肥处理土壤磷素盈余为47.3~153.0 kg/hm2，且各处理间差异明显。具体表现如下:无论施磷或不施磷条件下，与不增碳处理比较，增碳处理均显著增加了土壤有机质含量，分别增加了1.49和1.66倍，并改变了微生物活性和磷酸酶活性；在施用磷肥基础上，增碳处理土壤TP、Olsen-P和DGT-P含量分别提升了2.15、1.66和2.79倍；在不施磷肥基础上，增碳处理对土壤MBC、MBP和DGT-P含量分别增加了1.46，4.99和2.75倍，并能够保证在维持磷素供应的同时降低CaCl2-P水平，降低环境风险。因此，稻壳还田不施用磷肥措施能够保证番茄产量和生物有效磷水平，可作为集约化设施菜田土壤源头磷素管控的推荐施肥方案。 |
| 关键词: 增施稻壳 控施磷肥 磷有效性 设施菜田 番茄产量 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.10.03 |
| 投稿时间：2023-01-19 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(42077089) |
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| Effects of increasing carbon with P fertilizer on phosphorus availability in greenhouse soil |
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WEI Lulu1,PING Huaixiang1,CHEN Shuo1,LIANG Bin2,CHEN Qing1,HAO Xiangrui3,CUI Jianyu1*
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| (1.College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China;3.Shanghai Nongle Biological Products Company Limited, Shanghai 201419, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Excessive manure application in vegetable production fields has led to soil phosphorus(P)accumulation and environmental risk. The impact of reducing P fertilizer and carbon source input on tomato yield, soil P surplus, soil chemical properties, and soil P availability were investigated. Field experiment was conducted in Shouguang with 4 treatments as follows: P fertilizer without rice husk(S0P52), rice husk with P fertilizer(S20P52), no rich husk and P(S0P0)and rice husk without P fertilizer(S20P0). The diffusive gradients in thin films technique(DGT)and biologically-based P(BBP)were used to measure soil P forms, combining with soil chemical properties and microbial biomass to explore the main factors affecting soil P availability. The result showed that: The soil P surplus has significant difference among treatments, ranged from 47. 3 to 153. 0 kg/hm2. Compared with the treatments without C input, C input in both S20P52 and S20P0 treatments significantly increased soil organic matter content by 1. 49 and 1. 66 times, respectively, as well as changed soil microbial activity and phosphatase activity. Under the condition of applying P fertilizer, the contents of TP, Olsen-P and DGT-P in the soil received C increased by 2. 15, 1. 66 and 2. 79 times, respectively, compared with the soil without C. Without P fertilizer, the contents of MBC, MBP and DGT-P in soil received C increased by 1. 46, 4. 99 and 2. 75 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the S20P0 treatment decreased the level of CaCl2-P while maintained P supply, thus reducing environmental risks. In conclusion, the measures for increasing C and reducing P fertilizer can ensure tomato yields and maintain the biological available P level and is recommended as the fertilization scheme for controlling P in intensive vegetable fields. |
| Key words: increased application of rice husk controlled application of phosphate fertilizer phosphorus availability facility vegetable field tomato yield |
