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滴灌水量对土壤水分变化特征和玉米水分利用效率的影响
陈宣伊¹,师晶晶¹,张向前^2,3,杜香玉⁴,步恒通¹,白东星¹,路战远^1,孟天天⁵,王满秀¹,陈丽荣⁴
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(1.内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 呼和浩特 010020;2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院植物保护研究所, 呼和浩特 010031;3.内蒙古自治区退化生态修复与污染防治重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010031;4. 蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司, 呼和浩特 010070;5.河北农业大学农学院, 河北保定 071000)

摘要:

为明确内蒙古中西部地区春玉米种植的适宜滴灌水量，以2018年内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院试验基地开始的长期定位试验为基础，设置312(W₁)、645(W₂)、945(W₃)、1 275(W₄)、1 605 m³/hm²(W₅)及雨养无灌溉(W₀)6个不同滴灌水量处理，测定2019和2020年各处理玉米不同生育时期0—60 cm土层土壤水分特征及产量差异。结果表明，随滴灌水量的增加，玉米全生育时期耗水量逐渐增加，其经济产量呈先增加后降低的变化趋势，灌溉水利用效率随滴灌水量的增加而逐渐降低；其中W₄的产量和水分利用效率综合表现优于其他处理。2019年玉米最高经济产量为16 952.9 kg/hm²，2020年为16 802.84 kg/hm²，2年均以W₄最高；2019年W₄经济产量显著高于其他处理，2020年W₄的经济产量分别比W₀和W₅高77.2%和7.3%。2019年W₄的水分利用效率显著高于W₅，位于第三位；2020年W₄的水分利用效率在所有处理中最高，显著高于W₀、W₁和W₅，但与W₂、W₃无显著差异。综上，在内蒙古中西部地区，采用1 275 m³/hm²的滴灌水量可有效提高春玉米产量及水分利用效率。

关键词: 滴灌玉米耗水量产量水分利用效率

DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.09.04

投稿时间：2022-12-03

基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300305-3)；内蒙古自治区人才引进项目(2020YJ007)；内蒙古自治区草原英才项目(CY2020016)

Effects of drip irrigation amount on water variation characteristics of soil and water use efficiency of maize

CHEN Xuanyi¹,SHI Jingjing¹,ZHANG Xiangqian^2,3*,DU Xiangyu⁴,BU Hengtong¹,BAI Dongxing¹,LU Zhanyuan^1*,MENG Tiantian⁵,WANG Manxiu¹,CHEN Lirong⁴

(1.School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China;2.Plant Protection Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China;3.Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degraded Ecology Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China;4.Mengcao Ecological Environment(Group)Co., LTD., Hohhot 010070, China;5. College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China)

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate amount of drip irrigation for spring corn planting in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia. Based on the long-term positioning experiment started in 2018 conducted by the experimental base of the Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, six different drip irrigation treatments, 312(W₁), 645(W₂), 945(W₃), 1 275(W₄), 1 605 m³/hm²(W₅)and rain-fed without irrigation(W₀), were designed to determine the soil water characteristics in 0-60 cm soil layer at different growth periods of maize and the yield differences in 2019 and 2020. The results showed that: With the increase of drip irrigation amount, the water consumption of maize increased gradually during the whole growth period, and the economic yield increased first and then decreased. The utilization efficiency of irrigation water decreased gradually with the increase of drip irrigation amount. The yield and water use efficiency of W₄ were better than those of other treatments. The maximum economic yield of maize reached 16 952. 9 kg/hm² in 2019 and 16 802. 84 kg/hm² in 2020. Among all treatments, the yield of W₄ treatment was the highest in both years. The economic yield of W₄ treatment in 2019 was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the economic yield of W₄ treatment in 2020 was 77. 2% and 7. 3% higher than that of W₀ and W₅ treatment, respectively. The water use efficiency of W₄ was significantly higher than that of W₅ treatment in 2019, which ranked the third place among all treatments. In 2020, maize in W₄ treatment had displayed the highest water use efficiency among all treatments, which was significantly higher than that of W₀, W₁ and W₅ treatments. In conclusion, the 1 275 m³/hm² drip irrigation can effectively improve spring maize yield and the water use efficiency in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia.

Key words: drip irrigation corn water consumption yield water use efficiency