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| 奶牛饮水温度控制系统的设计及应用效果分析 |
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赵学东1,2,朱宸萱3,齐飞1,2,李浩1,2,4,施正香1,2,4*
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| (1.中国农业大学 水利与土木工程学院, 北京 100083;2.农业农村部设施农业工程重点实验室, 北京 100083;3.上海市农业科学院, 上海 201106;4.北京市畜禽健康养殖环境工程技术研究中心, 北京 100083) |
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| 摘要: |
| 针对低温环境下奶牛饮水温度过低会导致泌乳量降低的问题，设计一种基于空气能热水器的饮水加热系统并应用于规模化奶牛场，连续监测2组奶牛在环境温度>15 ℃、4 ℃≤环境温度≤15 ℃、环境温度<4 ℃中不同饮水加热模式下的泌乳量，分析2组奶牛的日均泌乳量曲线，探究低温环境下不同饮用水温度对奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明:本研究设计的饮水加热系统能够在不同环境温度下稳定控制饮水温度。低温环境下长期为奶牛供给12~15 ℃的水，奶牛平均泌乳量随环境温度变化显著(P<0.01)，平均每7天下降0.45 kg，而将饮用水温度提高至22~25 ℃后，奶牛平均泌乳量随环境温度变化不显著(P>0.05)。排除不同泌乳期影响分析奶牛泌乳量，提高奶牛饮用水温度能有效增强处于泌乳盛中期奶牛的泌乳量。本研究设计的系统能够在环境温度<4 ℃的条件下稳定提供22~25 ℃的热水，有利于提高奶牛的泌乳量以及对环境变化的生产稳定性。 |
| 关键词: 奶牛 饮水系统 水温 环境温度 泌乳量 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.07.19 |
| 投稿时间：2022-08-22 |
| 基金项目:现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系(CARS-36) |
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| Design and application effect analysis of the drinking water temperature control system for dairy cow |
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ZHAO Xuedong1,2,ZHU Chenxuan3,QI Fei1,2,LI Hao1,2,4,SHI Zhengxiang1,2,4*
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| (1.College of Water Resource and Civil Engineer, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;2.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China;3.Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China;4.Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Aiming at the problem of the low drinking water temperature for dairy cows leading to reduced milk yield, an air-source heat pump water heater was introduced to design the drinking water heating system of large-scale dairy farms. Milk yield of dairy cows in the two groups was continuously monitored under different drinking water heating modes at environmental temperature >15 ℃, 4 ℃≤ environmental temperature ≤15 ℃, and environment temperature <4 ℃. The curve of daily milk yield of dairy cows in the two groups was analyzed. The results showed that: After supplying 22-25 ℃ hot water to the dairy cows in a low temperature environment, the average milk yield of dairy cows did not change significantly with the ambient temperature(P>0. 05), while the average dairy cow after drinking the water after drinking the milk at a temperature of 12-15 ℃. The lactation volume changed significantly with environmental temperature changed(P<0. 01), indicating that long-term drinking of 22-25 ℃ hot water in a low-temperature environment can generally enhance the production performance of dairy cows. After excluding the effects of the lactation period, the average milk yield of the experimental group and the control group was compared. The average daily milk yield of dairy cows with a drinking water temperature of 12-15 ℃ under low air temperature decreased by 0. 45 kg every 7 days, and after raising the drinking water temperature to 22-25 ℃, the milk yield of dairy cows remained stable. It was particularly effective in enhancing the milk yield and production stability of dairy cows in the middle of lactation. In conclusion, the new system constructed in this study can supply 22-25 ℃ drinking water for dairy cow under environment temperature <4 ℃ and are beneficial to increase milk yield and production stability. |
| Key words: dairy cows drinking water system water temperature environmental temperature milk yield |
