| 摘要: |
| 为了解新疆某规模化猪场人、动物和环境来源沙门菌的流行情况、耐药性及耐药基因的携带情况，本研究从该场采集养殖人员粪便和鞋底拭子、猪肛拭子和环境样品共855份进行沙门菌的分离鉴定，并对分离得到的沙门菌采用CLSI推荐的琼脂稀释法进行11种抗菌药物最小抑菌浓度的测定，通过PCR方法检测相关耐药基因。结果表明:1)共分离到沙门菌288株，3种来源样品中沙门菌分离率从高到低依次为养殖人员样品(47.2%)，猪肛拭子(33.9%)及环境样品(32.3%)。2)3种来源沙门菌对四环素、氟苯尼考、多西环素和氨苄西林的耐药率均在75.0%以上；环境源沙门菌耐药情况最严重，人源与猪源沙门菌耐药情况相近。该场沙门菌对头孢噻呋和亚胺培南的敏感性较高，未检出对左氧氟沙星和阿米卡星耐药的菌株。分离株共有30种耐药谱型，3耐及以上菌株占81.3%，以7耐菌株为主，环境源沙门菌7耐菌株检出率(65.4%)高于猪源和人源沙门菌。3)分离株中检出11种相关耐药基因，blaTEM基因的检出率为100.0%，ant(3″)-Ia、aac(6′)-Ib和floR基因的携带率均高于50.0%。猪源沙门菌中四环素类耐药基因tetA和tetM的检出率在50.0%左右，高于环境源和人源沙门菌。此外，检出2株碳青霉烯类多药耐药基因blaNDM阳性菌株。综上，沙门菌在该猪场人源样品中检出率最高，环境源沙门菌的耐药情况最严重、多药耐药率最高、耐药谱最广、耐药基因携带率最高。3种来源的沙门菌在流行情况、耐药情况及耐药基因携带率等方面存在差异，应从人-动物-环境健康的整体视角出发，结合沙门菌分离率和耐药性检测结果，规范消杀流程，合理使用抗菌药物。 |
| 关键词: 沙门菌 耐药性 耐药基因 人-动物-环境 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.07.13 |
| 投稿时间：2022-10-20 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金-地区基金项目(31860714)；自治区重点学科和重点实验室开放课题(XJCDVM-HDRC-S202304) |
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| Antimicrobial resistance analysis of Salmonella isolates of “human-animal-environment” origin from a large-scale pig farm in Xinjiang |
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WU Huimin,XIA Panpan,WU Haichao,CHEN Wanzhao,QIN Lei,XU Qiqi,LIU Zepeng,XIA Lining*
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| (College of Veterinary Medicine/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to understand the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and carriage of resistance genes of Salmonella from human, animal and environment-origin in a large-scale pig farm in Xinjiang, in this study, a total of 855 samples, including fecal and sole swabs of farm workers, pig anal swabs and environmental swabs, were collected and subjected to isolation and identification of Salmonella. The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were determined by the agar dilution method recommended by CLSI for the isolated Salmonella, and related drug resistance genes were detected by PCR. The results showed that: 1)A total of 288 stains of Salmonella were isolated, and the isolation rate of Salmonella in the three source samples was from the highest to the lowest as follows: farm worker samples(47. 2%), pig anal swabs(33. 9%)and environmental swabs(32. 3%). 2)MIC test showed that the drug resistance rates of the Salmonella from three sources to tetracycline, florfenicol, doxycycline and ampicillin were all above 75. 0%; The drug resistance of environmental Salmonella was the most serious and the drug resistance situation of human and porcine Salmonella was similar. The Salmonella isolates in this farm was highly sensitive to cefotiofur and imipenem, no strains resistant to levofloxacin and amikacin were detected. There were 30 drug resistance patterns in total, of which 81. 3% were resistant to 3 or more antimicrobials, 7 resistant strains are the main ones. The detection rate of 7 resistant strains of environmental Salmonella (65. 4%)was higher than that of porcine and human Salmonella. 3)11 related drug resistance genes could be detected in the isolates, the detection rate of blaTEM gene was 100. 0%, the carrying rates of ant(3″)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ib and floR genes were all higher than 50. 0%. The detection rate of tetracycline-resistant genes tetA and tetM in Salmonella from swine was about 50. 0%, which was higher than that of environmental and human Salmonella. In addition, two Salmonella strains carrying carbapenem multidrug resistance gene blaNDM were detected. To sum up, Salmonella has the highest detection rate in the human samples of the pig farm, and the drug resistance of environmental Salmonella was the most serious, the highest multidrug resistance rate, the widest drug resistance spectrum and the highest drug resistance gene carrier rate. There are differences in the prevalence, drug resistance and drug resistance gene carrying rate for Salmonella from three sources. We should standardize the disinfection and sterilization process and reasonably use antibiotics based on the overall perspective of human-animal-environmental health and the isolation rate and drug resistance status of Salmonella. |
| Key words: Salmonella drug resistance drug resistance gene human-animal-environment |
