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| 生物降解地膜降解特性及其应用对辣椒生长发育的影响 |
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杨雅1,3,李涛2,朱建强3,范先鹏1,张志毅1*,夏颖1,唐芷馨4
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| (1.湖北省农业科学院 植保土肥研究所/国家农业环境潜江观测实验站/湖北省农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心/农业农村部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站, 武汉 430064;2.十堰市农业生态环境保护站, 湖北 十堰 442000;3.长江大学 农学院, 湖北 荆州 434000;4.University of California, Davis, College of Letter and Science, Davis 95616, USA) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为明确不同材质生物可降解地膜在湿润气候下的降解特性和对辣椒生长发育的影响，通过大田试验研究了聚乙烯地膜(PE)、淀粉基降解膜(BM1)、聚合类降解膜(聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)、聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)等)(BM2、BM3、BM4)对土壤温度、田面覆盖降解性能和辣椒农艺性状的影响，通过埋土试验评估各地膜不同埋土深度的降解过程。结果表明:1)辣椒生育前期(覆膜后0~58 d)是地膜发挥保温效果关键期，覆膜种植主要提高该时期0~5和5~10 cm土层14:00和17:00的土壤温度。其中，BM3和BM4的增温效果与PE相近，0~5和5~10 cm土层平均温度比CK提高了约4 ℃。2)地膜降解过程受降解材质影响，淀粉基降解膜地面覆盖79 d达到无膜期，埋土60 d内完全降解。聚合类降解膜诱导期在覆膜后51~93 d，辣椒收获后处于碎裂期或无膜期。通过拟合方程可知，埋土深度影响BM4的降解，降解率达95%时BM4翻埋20 cm比翻埋10 cm少77 d。3)BM4主要提高成熟期茎粗、茎高和干物质量，对辣椒生长的促进效果接近或者优于PE。BM4和PE辣椒产量分别比CK提高11 305.3和11 096.8 kg/hm2。因此，适宜辣椒覆膜栽培的降解膜诱导期约79 d并且在辣椒全部收获后达到碎裂期或无膜期，埋土深度为10~20 cm能够满足降解地膜的降解需求。 |
| 关键词: 生物降解地膜 降解特性 降解材质 辣椒 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.07.07 |
| 投稿时间：2022-10-12 |
| 基金项目:湖北省农业生态环境保护站项目资助(HBXX-202204-F017) |
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| Degradation characteristics of biodegradable mulch and its effects on the growth and development of pepper |
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YANG Ya1,3,LI Tao2,ZHU Jianqiang3,FAN Xianpeng1,ZHANG Zhiyi1*,XIA Ying1,TANG Zhixin4
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| (1.Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilize/National Agricultural Environment Observation and Experimental Station in Qianjiang/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control/Qianjiang Agricultural Environment and Arable Land Conservation Scientific Observation andExperimental Station, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;2.Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection Station of Shiyan City, Shiyan 442000, China;3.College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China;4.College of Letter and Science, University of California, Davis 95616, USA) |
| Abstract: |
| To clarify the degradation characteristics of different materials of biodegradable film and its effect on pepper growth and development in humid climate. Through field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of polyethylene film(PE), degradation film based on starch(BM1), polymeric degradation film(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate(PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA)(BM2, BM3 and BM4))on the soil temperature, degradation properties of field cover, and agronomic traits of pepper, effected by). The degradation process of mulch film at different depth was evaluated by soil burial test. The results show that: 1)The early period of pepper(0-58 d after film mulching)was the main period of heat preservation by film, and film mulching planting mainly improved the soil temperature at 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depths at 14: 00 and 17: 00 o'clock during this period. Among them, the warming effect of BM3 and BM4 was similar to that of PE, and the average temperature of 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depths was increased by about 4 ℃ compared with CK. The degradation process of film was affected by the degradation materials. The degradation film based on starch reached the membrane-free stage at 79 d, and was completely degraded within 60 d under buried conditions. The induction period of polymeric degradation film was 51 to 93 d after covering the film, that reached fragmentation stage or membrane-free stage after pepper harvest. According to the fitting equation, the buried soil depth affected the degradation of BM4, and the degradation rate of BM4 buried at 20 cm was 77 days less than that at 10 cm when the degradation rate reached 95%. BM4 mainly improved the stem thick, stem height and dry mass in the mature period, and its promotion effect on pepper growth was close to or better than that of PE. The pepper productionsIn conclusion, or pepper film mulching cultivation, the induction period of degradation film should be 51-93 d to reach the fragmentation stage or membrane-free stage after harvesting of all the pepper. The buried soil depth of 10-20 cm can meet the degradation requirements of degradable film. |
| Key words: biodegradable film degradation characteristics degradation material pepper yield |
