| 摘要: |
| 为探究利用小麦秸秆及浸提液对谷田杂草的化感作用。室内试验设置小麦秸秆浸提液1(T1)、2(T2)、10(T3)、100 g/L(T4)共4个处理和对照(CK1，0 g/L)，测定对稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis (L.)Beauv)、藜(Chenopodium album L.)4种杂草种子发芽率、根长、芽长、发芽化感指数、根长化感指数、芽长化感指数、综合化感指数的影响；田间试验设置0(CK2)、2 250(W1)、4 500(W2)、9 000 kg/hm2(W3)4种小麦秸秆覆盖还田量，50%(P1)、70%(P2)、100%(P3)3种地膜覆盖遮光处理，测定4种田间杂草的株数、密度、盖度和防效等指标。结果表明，T4处理的小麦秸秆浸提液对4种谷田杂草种子化感指数最大，化感抑制效果最强，对4种杂草种子萌发的抑制效果由高到低为:藜>反枝苋>狗尾草>稗草，化感指数分别为-0.85、-0.77、-0.71和-0.34；T1处理对藜、狗尾草、反枝苋杂草种子萌发表现为化感促进作用，促进效果由强到弱为:狗尾草(0.14)>藜(0.05)>反枝苋(0.02)，对稗草种子萌发表现为化感抑制作用；T2处理对4种杂草的芽长均表现为化感促进作用；T3处理对狗尾草和稗草的根长表现为化感抑制作用，对藜和反枝苋表现为化感促进作用；T4处理对4种谷田杂草的综合化感效应由高到低为:狗尾草>反枝苋>藜>稗草。与无秸秆覆盖处理相比，W3(9 000 kg/hm2)处理在3次中雨5 d后，藜的发生密度分别降低69.39%、64.29%和43.34%，杂草总盖度分别降低22.04%、41.98%、12.49%。随着秸秆覆盖时间的延长，降雨场次增加，杂草密度先降低后升高，杂草盖度逐渐降低，随着秸秆覆盖量从2 250增加到9 000 kg/hm2，杂草株防效从20%增加到60%以上。因此，100 g/L小麦秸秆浸提液对4种杂草种子萌发、根长、芽长的抑制效果最为显著，9 000 kg/hm2小麦秸秆覆盖可应用于谷田杂草防除。 |
| 关键词: 小麦秸秆 浸提液 杂草防除 化感作用 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.06.10 |
| 投稿时间：2022-08-24 |
| 基金项目:山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202003-5)；国家谷子高粱产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-A28)；国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901103-5)；山西省粮食系统研发项目(202001)；山西省现代谷子产业技术体系(GZTX202211)；山西省回国留学人员科研项目(2020-068) |
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| Allelopathic control effects of wheat straw and extracts on four kinds of weeds in foxtail millet field |
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DONG Shuqi1,ZHAI Xutao2,HU Chunyan2,GUO Zhenyu2,YANG Xuefang1,SONG Xi′e1,GUO Pingyi1,YUAN Xiangyang1*
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| (1.College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;2.College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the allelopathy of wheat straw and extract on weeds in foxtail millet fields, four treatments of wheat straw aqueous extract 1(T1), 2(T2), 10(T3), 100 g/L(T4)and control(CK1, 0 g/L)were set up to determine their effects on seed germination rate, root length, bud length, germination allelopathy index, root length allelopathy index, bud length allelopathy index and comprehensive allelopathy index of four weeds Echinochloa crusgalli (L. )Beauv, Amaranthus retroflexus L. , Setaria viridis(L. )Beauv and Chenopodium album L. In the field experiment, four wheat straw mulching treatments 0(CK), 2 250(W1), 4 500(W2), 9 000 kg/hm2(W3)and three plastic film mulching treatments 50%(P1), 70%(P2), 100%(P3)were set up to measure the number, density, coverage and control effect of 4 kinds of weeds in the field. The results show that the water extract of wheat straw treated with T4 had the highest allelopathic index and the strongest allelopathic inhibition effect on the seeds of four kinds of weeds in the foxtail millet field. The inhibition effect on the seed germination of four kinds of weeds from high to low was as follows: C. album>A. retroflexus>S. viridis>E. crusgalli. And the allelopathy index were respectively -0. 85, -0. 77, -0. 71 and -0. 34; T1 showed allelopathic promoting effect on the germination of weed seeds of C. album, S. viridis and A. retroflexus, and the promoting effect from strong to weak was as follows: S. viridis(0. 14)>C. album(0. 05)>A. retroflexus(0. 02). And the allelopathic inhibiting effect was discovered on the germination of E. crusgalli seeds; T2 showed allelopathic promotion on the bud length of four weeds; T3 showed allelopathic inhibition on root length of S. viridis and E. crusgalli and allelopathic promotion on C. album and A. retroflexus; the allelopathic effects of T4 on four kinds of cereal weeds from high to low was: S. viridis>A. retroflexus>C. album>E. crusgalli. Compared with the treatment without straw mulch, the occurrence density of C. album decreased respectively by 69. 39%, 64. 29% and 43. 34% in W3(9 000 kg/hm2)after 3 times of moderate rain for five days, and the total coverage of weeds decreased by 22. 04%, 41. 98% and 12. 49% respectively. With the extension of straw mulching time, the number of rainfall increased, the density of weeds decreased first and then increased, and the coverage of weeds gradually decreased. With the increase of straw coverage from 2 250 to 9 000 kg/hm2, the control effect of weed plants increased from 20% to more than 60%. Therefore, the 100 g/L extract of wheat straw has the most significant inhibition effect on the seed germination, root length and bud length of four weeds, and 9 000 kg/hm2 wheat straw mulch can be used to control weeds in foxtail millet fields. |
| Key words: wheat straw extract weeds control allelopathic effects |
