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| 错株密植对夏玉米冠层特性和产量的影响 |
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张美微1,李川1,张盼盼1,牛军1,郭涵潇1,何佳雯1,2,刘京宝1,乔江方1*
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| (1.河南省农业科学院 粮食作物研究所, 郑州 450002;2.郑州大学 农学院, 郑州 450001) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为探讨错株种植方式改善玉米密植群体冠层结构，实现增产的作用机制，以耐密品种‘郑单958’为材料，设置67 500(D1)、82 500(D2)和90 000(D3)株/hm2 3个密度水平，常规对株(CK)和错株(S)种植2种方式，测定错株密植夏玉米群体冠层叶面积指数(LAI)、无截获散射(DIFN)、叶绿素荧光参数、SPAD、产量及其构成因素等指标。结果表明，密植水平和错株种植均对夏玉米冠层特性和产量产生了显著的影响。提高密植水平虽然显著增加了植株叶面积指数，降低了无截获散射；但对穗位叶叶绿素荧光参数和SPAD产生了不利影响，以90 000株/hm2密植水平下降幅最大。说明过高的密植水平不利于叶片对光能的吸收和利用。错株种植方式可有效削弱密植群体冠层叶片相互遮蔽的弊端。与对株(CK)种植相比，错株种植(S)可显著增加冠层叶面积指数，降低冠层无截获散射，优化了群体冠层结构，且对82 500株/hm2密植水平调控效果最优。同时，错株种植缓解了高密植水平对植株穗位叶的不利影响，提高了D2和D3密植下叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo)和SPAD。夏玉米在82 500 和90 000株/hm2的密植水平下分别增产18.89%和8.12%，但过高密植水平90 000株/hm2显著降低了穗粗、穗粒数和千粒重，且使秃尖延长。与CK相比，S可使各密植水平夏玉米千粒重提高6.72%~11.94%，增加82 500 和90 000株/hm2密植水平下的收获穗数，使夏玉米增产10.23%~14.08%。在各密植水平和种植方式中，以82 500株/hm2密植，错株种植方式下产量最高，2年较对照平均增产30.03%。因此，黄淮海平原夏玉米在82 500株/hm2密植水平下采用错株种植方式可以显著优化群体冠层结构，提高群体光能截获和利用，是实现夏玉米密植增产的最佳种植模式。 |
| 关键词: 夏玉米 错株密植 冠层特性 产量 叶绿素荧光特性 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.05.04 |
| 投稿时间：2022-07-28 |
| 基金项目:河南省重点研发与推广专项(222102110284)；河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2023ZC013)；河南省农业科学院优青(2022YQ21)；河南省农业科学院杰青(2021JQ05) |
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| Effects of staggered and close planting on canopy characteristic and yield of summer maize |
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ZHANG Meiwei1,LI Chuan1,ZHANG Panpan1,NIU Jun1,GUO Hanxiao1,HE Jiawen1,2,LIU Jingbao1,QIAO Jiangfang1*
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| (1.Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;2.School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The aim of this study was to explore the function of staggered planting in improving the canopy structure and yield for summer maize population. In this study, the density-resistant cultivar ‘Zhengdan 958' was used as experimental material. Two panting patterns of parallel planting and staggered planting were arranged under the three planting densities, which were 67 500(D1 ), 82 500(D2)and 90 000(D3)plants/hm2, respectively. The leaf area index and diffuse non-interceptance of population canopy, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and SPAD value of ear leaf, yield and its components were measured in order to study the effects of staggered planting with close planting on summer maize. The results showed that: both density and staggered planting had significant influences on the canopy characteristics and yield of summer maize. The increased density level significantly advanced leaf area index, while declined diffuse non-interceptance of population canopy. The decreasing in Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and SPAD value of era leaf achieved larger decline in planting density of 90 000 plants/hm2, indicating that the effect of the higher density level was adverse to the absorption and utilization of light energy by leaves. The staggered planting method effectively reduced the disadvantage of mutual shading of canopy leaves in dense planting population, which increased the Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and SPAD value under D2 and D3 planting densities. The staggered planting optimized the canopy structure by increased leaf area index and decreased diffuse non-interceptance. Compared to planting of the parallel plant, and the optimal regulation was obtained in planting density of 82 500 plants/hm2. Simultaneously, the staggered planting method alleviated the adverse effects of planting density level on Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and SPAD value at the density levels of 82 500 and 90 000 plants/hm2, respectively. Increased density levels to 82 500 and 90 000 plants/hm2 significantly increased yield by 18. 89% and 8. 12%, respectively. While the high density of 90 000 plants/hm2 resulted in declined of ear diameter, the number of kernels per ear, the thousand kernel weight, and the increased of ear tip-barren length. Compared with parallel planting, staggered planting method increased the thousand kernel weight by 6. 72% to 11. 94% in all density levels, and increased the harvested ear number in density levels of 82 500 and 90 000 plants/hm2, obtained advanced yield of 10. 23% to 14. 08%. The treatment of planting density level of 82 500 plants/hm2 with staggered planting method obtained the highest yield, resulted in an average increase of 30. 03%. In conclusion, the staggered planting pattern under 82 500 plants/hm2 density was the best mode to obtain increased yield for summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, which could improve the group canopy structure, enhance the interception and utilization of group's lighting. This study provided theoretical and technical supports for high yield cultivation of densely planted summer maize. |
| Key words: summer maize staggered planting with close planting canopy characteristic yield chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics |
