| 摘要: |
| 百合是世界著名的球根花卉，全世界有超过100种的野生种和9 000种的品种，这些资源中仅有不足50%用于育种，还有一些处于濒危状态。为使科研工作者和生产者深入了解百合，促进百合种质资源的保护和利用，分析了近年来国内外在百合起源、分类，以及生境、表型、遗传和功能多样性方面的研究进展，回顾了百合育种的4次突破，并指出我国在百合种质资源保护和利用方面存在的问题以及未来努力的方向。研究表明:1)百合在美洲的栽培历史似乎早于亚洲，我国可能是亚洲有百合记载最早的国家。已初步探明百合现代谱系的起源及其在美洲和欧洲的传播路径。2)基于形态学、细胞学、分子生物学特征及育种实践，百合属被分为轮叶组、根茎组、百合组、具叶柄组、卷瓣组、喇叭花组和斑瓣百合组等7个组。3)百合适应于多种生存环境，形成了丰富的表型、遗传和功能多样性。4)百合育种经历了亚洲百合、东方百合、组间杂种和花器官特化百合等4次突破。综上，利用百合资源的多样性，百合的种类得到了极大的丰富，但我国需加强百合野生资源驯化、世界百合资源利用和分子育种基础理论研究等方面的工作。 |
| 关键词: 百合 多样性 基因组 分类 功能 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.04.06 |
| 投稿时间：2022-10-02 |
| 基金项目:山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)项目(20210302123416),山西农业大学横向科技合作项目(2021 NYGG-1-11) |
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| Origin, classification and germplasm diversity in Lilium |
|
DU Fang
|
| (College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to provide a reference to the researchers and planters, and enhance preservation and utilization of lily germplasm, the species-level information on origin, classification, diversity in habitats, phenotype, genetics and function of Lilium in recent years are reviewed. The four breakthroughs in lily breeding are looked back. The study also presents a brief summary on existing problems in China on preservation and utilization of lily germplasm and developing trends in the future. The results showed that: 1)Lily cultivation in America appeared earlier than in Asia, and two Chinese letters pronounced “Bai He” first appeared in China and Asia. The origin of its modern lineage and the dispersal pathway along America and Europe had been tentatively explored. 2)Based on their morphological, cytological, molecular biology characters and breeding practices, the Lilium species are taxonomically classified into seven sections: Martagon, Pseudolirium, Lilium, Archelirion, Sinomartagon, Leucolirion, Oxypetalum. 3)Adapted to a variety of habitats, an extensive diversity was formed for Lilium on phenotype, genetics, and function. 4)Four breakthroughs had been made in lily breeding, including appearance of Asiatic hybrids, Oriental Hybrids, intersectional hybrids, and floral organ-specialized hybrids. In conclusion, an abundance of lily cultivars emerged, benefiting from the diversity resources. Future study should focus on the domestication of wild germplasm, take full advantage of lily resources in the world, and further develop the study of basic theory of molecular breeding in Lilium. |
| Key words: Lilium diversity genome classification function |
