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| 苏北典型乡村聚落的时空演变特征研究——以东海县为例 |
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付永虎1,2,王心怡1,3,刘俊青1,魏范青1*,蒲嘉霖4,张晓平3,翁倩文1
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| (1.江苏海洋大学 文法学院, 江苏 连云港 222005;2.香港中文大学 地理与资源管理学系, 香港 999077;3.东华理工大学 测绘工程学院, 南昌 330013;4.江西工程学院 土木工程学院, 江西 新余 338000) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为探讨乡村聚落的时空演变特征，以江苏省东海县为研究对象，基于1990年、2000年、2010年和2020年研究区乡村聚落图斑数据，采用景观格局指数、标准差椭圆、核密度、可达性和空间自相关分析等方法，测度与评估研究区乡村聚落用地时空变化特征。结果表明:1)1990—2020年东海县乡村聚落总面积与平均面积呈逐年递增的趋势，伴随着聚落总面积的逐步增加，聚落斑块数量逐步减少；研究区乡村聚落先后经历了“点状增加-块状增加与减少并存-点、带式同步小幅增加”的过程。乡村聚落增减变化以点状变化和块状变化为主，其中块状变化主要分布于县城区和建制镇周围；2)东海县乡村聚落基本空间格局较为稳定，保持“西—东”方向分布。从方向上看，研究区1990—2020年乡村聚落重心经历了“东北—南向—东移”的方向转换过程；3)1990—2020年东海县乡村聚落变化由缓慢变化期到快速波动期再进入平稳发展期，整体呈协调发展态势；4)1990—2020年，东海县乡村聚落增减变化受到城镇、交通和水源可达性小于15 min的影响较大，随着乡村经济发展水平的提高，农村生活方式的现代化转变，乡村聚落更倾向于靠近城镇与交通干线扩展，临城、靠路、亲水成为这段时期内乡村聚落变化的主要影响因子。综上，东海县大多乡镇单元乡村聚落增减变化处于不显著状态，呈农户自组织建房的随机性空间分布特征；研究区大多数乡镇无显著空间自相关性，且并未出现显著性最强的区域。本研究结果可为乡村地域空间优化配置、分类推进乡村振兴提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 乡村聚落 核密度分析 标准差椭圆 可达性 东海县 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.03.19 |
| 投稿时间：2022-08-10 |
| 基金项目:江苏高校哲学社会科学研究基金(2021SJA1716)；连云港市社会科学基金项目(21LKT0016、21LKT0047) |
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| Spatial-temporal evolution of typical rural settlements in northern Jiangsu Province: A case study of Donghai County |
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FU Yonghu1,2,WANG Xinyi1,3,LIU Junqing1,WEI Fanqing1*,PU Jialin4,ZHANG Xiaoping3,WENG Qianwen1
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| (1.School of Humanities and Law, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China;2.Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hongkong, Hong Kong 999077, China;3.School of Surveying Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China;4.School of Civil Engineering, Jiangxi University of Engineering, Xinyu 338000, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of rural settlements Donghai County, Jiangsu Province is taken as an example. Based on the rural settlement map data of the study area in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, this study measured and evaluated the spatial and temporal change characteristics of rural settlement sites in the study area and their evolution mechanisms by using landscape pattern index, standard deviation ellipse, kernel density, accessibility and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results showed that: 1)The total and average area of rural settlements in Donghai County from 1990 to 2020 showed a trend of increasing year by year, and the number of settlement patches gradually decreased along with the gradual increase of the total area of settlements; The rural settlements in the study area have undergone the process of “point-like an increasing block-like increase and decrease, ” and “point and belt-like simultaneous small increase”. The changes of the rural settlement were mainly pointed changes and block changes, among which block changes were mainly distributed around the county urban area and established towns. 2)The basic spatial pattern of rural settlements in Donghai County was relatively stable, maintaining a “W to E” directional distribution. In terms of direction, the center gravity of rural settlements in the study area has undergone a directional shift of “Northeast-South-North” from 1990 to 2020. 3)From 1990 to 2020, the changes of rural settlements in Donghai County changed from a period of slow change to a period of rapid fluctuation and then entered a period of stable development, and the overall trend was coordinated development. 4)From 1990 to 2018, the change of rural settlements in Donghai County was influenced by the accessibility of towns, transportation and water sources less than 15 min. With the improvement of rural economic development and the modernization of rural lifestyle, rural settlements tended to expand closer to towns and transportation routes, and the proximity to towns, roads and water became the main influencing factors of rural settlement changes during this period. 5)Most of the townships in Donghai County displayed insignificant changes in the number of the rural settlements, and are characterized by random spatial distribution of farmers' self-organized housing construction. Most of the townships in the study area had no significant spatial autocorrelation, and there was no area with the strongest significance. The results of the study can provide a reference for the optimal spatial allocation of rural areas and the promotion of rural revitalization by classification. |
| Key words: rural settlement kernel density analysis standard deviation ellipse accessibility Donghai County |
