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济宁青山羊羔羊初生重、死亡率及其影响因素分析
毛静艺^1,2,张晓雪¹,刘桂芬²,何军敏²,张果平²,魏晨²,吴翠玲¹,刘静¹,杨存明¹,李雪¹,唐丽¹,张文静¹,李正道³,黄锡霞^1,田可川^2
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(1.新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;2.山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所/农业农村部畜禽生物组学重点实验室, 济南 250100;3.曹县中农农牧科技有限公司, 山东菏泽 274400)

摘要:

为分析济宁青山羊初生重和死亡率2个重要经济性状的影响因素，利用SPSS 19.0和SAS 9.2软件对这2个指标进行描述性统计、最小二乘方差分析和协方差分析，分析2012—2017年产羔记录中出生年份、出生季节、配种季节、性别和产羔类型5个因素对济宁青山羊羔羊初生重和死亡率的影响并求得羔羊初生重、死亡率的最小二乘均值。结果表明:1)出生年份、出生季节、性别和产羔类型对羔羊初生重均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)；产羔类型对羔羊死亡率有显著影响(P<0.05)、配种季节对羔羊死亡率有极显著影响(P<0.01)。2)2012—2017年6年羔羊初生重呈先下降后增加再下降的趋势，死亡率呈先下降再增加的趋势。3)公羔初生重极显著高于母羔初生重(P<0.01)。4)随着母羊产羔数的增加，死亡率升高。单羔的初生重极显著高于四羔及以上(P<0.01)，双羔的初生重与三羔差异显著(P<0.05)。5)秋季出生的羔羊初生重极显著高于其他季节。春季所产羔羊的初生重显著高于夏季和冬季(P<0.05)。综上，济宁青山羊初生重和死亡率受出生年份、出生季节、配种季节、性别和产羔类型这5个因素的影响，该研究为今后通过加强管理来提高羔羊的初生重、降低羔羊的死亡率，以及进行遗传参数和育种值估计提供科学依据，为提高济宁青山羊的生产性能，以及优质济宁青山羊的选种选育提供一定的基础。

关键词: 济宁青山羊初生重死亡率影响因素

DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.03.10

投稿时间：2022-06-28

基金项目:山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程人才类项目(CXGC2022E10)

Analysis of birth weight and mortality rate of Jining grey goat lambs and their influencing factors

MAO Jingyi^1,2,ZHANG Xiaoxue¹,LIU Guifen²,HE Junmin²,ZHANG Guoping²,WEI Chen²,WU CuiLing¹,LIU Jing¹,YANG Cunming¹,LI Xue¹,TANG Li¹,ZHANG Wenjing¹,LI Zhengdao³,HUANG Xixia^1*,TIAN Kechuan^2*

(1.College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;2.Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;3.Cao County Zhongnong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Heze 274400, China)

Abstract:

To analyze the two important economic traits of the Jining grey goat, birth weight and mortality, the descriptive statistics, least squares analysis of variance and covariance analysis were performed using SPSS 19. 0 and SAS 9. 2 software. The effects of five factors, birth year, birth season, breeding season, sex, and lambing type, on the birth weight and mortality of Jining grey goat lambs were analyzed based on the lambing records from 2012 to 2017. The least square mean of birth weight and mortality of lambs was obtained. The results showed that: 1)The birth year, birth season, sex and lambing type had a very significant effect on lamb birth weight(P<0. 01); Lambing type had a significant effect on lambs mortality(P<0. 05), while the breeding season had a very significant effect on lamb mortality(P<0. 01). 2)From 2012 to 2017, the birth weight of lambs first decreased, then increased and finally decreased. With the increase in lamb birth weight, the mortality showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. 3)The birth weight of male lambs was significantly higher than that of female lambs(P<0. 01). 4)Mortality increases with the increase in lambing number of ewes. The birth weight of single lamb was significantly higher than that of four lambs and above(P<0. 01), and the birth weight of double lambs was significantly different from that of three lambs(P<0. 05). 5)The birth weight of lambs born in autumn was significantly higher than that in other seasons. The birth weight of lambs produced in spring was significantly higher than that in summer and winter(P<0. 05). In conclusion, the birth weight and mortality of Jining grey goats are affected by five factors including birth year, birth season, breeding season, sex and lambing types. The study provides a scientific basis for improving the birth weight and reducing the mortality of lambs by strengthening management in the future, as well as the estimation genetic parameters and breeding values in the next step. It also provides a certain theoretical basis for improving the production performance of the Jining grey goat and the selection and breeding of high-quality Jining grey goat.

Key words: Jining grey goat birth weight mortality influencing factors