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基于光合性状和农艺性状评价不同甜菜品种的生态稳定性
林明^1,2,3,王荣华⁴,曹禹⁵,鲁伟丹²,周远航³,陈友强²,刘华君²,潘竟海²,阿不都卡地尔·库尔班²,王志敏¹,李健强⁶
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(1.中国农业大学农学院, 北京 100193;2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091;3.新疆农业科学院玛纳斯农业试验站, 新疆玛纳斯 832299;4.石河子农业科学研究院, 新疆石河子 832001;5.新疆伊犁州农业科学研究所, 新疆伊宁 835000;6.中国农业大学植物保护学院, 北京 100193)

摘要:

为了进一步研究新疆北疆不同生态区甜菜的生长发育特性，筛选优质甜菜品种，通过探究20个甜菜品种在3个不同生态区的光合性状和农艺性状的变化，使用适定性参数法和变异系数法分析不同甜菜品种的稳定性，并借助主成分分析法对相关结果进行综合评价。结果表明:20个甜菜品种在3个生态区的光合性状存在显著性差异，不同品种间的光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度存在显著差异，不同生态区胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率存在显著差异；各参试品种间农艺性状差异不显著，但3个生态区之间差异显著；相关性分析表明，光合性状、甜菜产量和含糖率存在显著相关；主成分分析结果表明，在昌吉、石河子和伊犁3个生态区分别提取到了4、3和3个主成分，其累计贡献率分别达到了63.50%、68.70%和63.65%；主成分综合得分显示，甜菜品种‘BeTa379’‘KWS9968’‘KWS5599’‘KWS6637’在3个生态区的综合排名都处于较高位置，平均每公顷产量分别为102 000.45、88 613.85、96 501.90和95 214.90 kg，平均含糖率分别为15.19%、15.08%、14.29%和14.14%，表明这3个品种的生态适应性相对较好，具备在生产中推广的潜在优势。

关键词: 甜菜生态区光合性状农艺性状生态适应性

DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.02.05

投稿时间：2022-04-18

基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区科技成果转化示范专项(2020B007)；财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业(糖料)产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-170724)；新疆维吾尔自治区天池计划项目(2021)

Ecological stability evaluation of sugar beet(Beta vulgaris L.) varieties based on photosynthetic characters and agronomic characteristics

LIN Ming^1,2,3,WANG Ronghua⁴,CAO Yu⁵,LU Weidan²,ZHOU Yuanhang³,CHEN Youqiang²,LIU Huajun²,PAN Jinghai²,ABDUKADIER Kurban²,WANG Zhiming¹,LI Jianqiang⁶

(1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;3.Manas agricultural experimental station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Scinences, Manas 832299, China;4.Xinjiang Shihezi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shihezi 832001, China;5.Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Yili Prefecture, Yining 835000, China;6.College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China)

Abstract:

The aims of this study were to further study the growth and development characteristics of sugar beet in different ecological regions of Xinjiang, clarify the ecological adaptability of sugar beet and screen high quality sugar beet varieties in this study. By analyzing changes of photosynthetic and agronomic characters of 20 sugar beet varieties in three different ecological regions, the stability of different sugar beet varieties was investigated by well-posed parameter method and coefficient of variation method, and their comprehensive scores were scored by principal component analysis. The results showed that: There were significant differences in photosynthetic characters, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, intercellular CO₂ concentration and transpiration rate among among 20 varieties of sugar beet in three regions. There were no significant differences in agronomic characters among varieties, but were significant differences among regions, indicating that different meteorological factors had great influence on agronomic characters of sugar beet. The results of correlation analysis showed that each agronomic trait and sugar beet yield and sugar content were significantly correlated. The performance of different varieties in different ecological regions was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. About 4, 3 and 3 principal components were extracted from Changji, Shihezi and Yili ecological regions, respectively. Their cumulative contribution rate reached 63. 50%, 68. 70% and 63. 65% respectively. According to the comprehensive score obtained, it was found that the sugar beet varieties‘BeTa379', ‘KWS9968', ‘KWS5599'and ‘KWS6637' were in a higher position in the comprehensive ranking of the three pilot sites. Their average yields were 102 000. 45, 88 613. 85, 96 501. 90 and 95 214. 90 kg/hm², respectively and their average sugar contents were 15. 19%, 15. 08%, 14. 29% and 14. 14%, respectively. In conclusion, the three varieties have good ecological adaptability and potential advantages.

Key words: sugar beet ecological regions photosynthetic characters agronomic characters ecological adaptability