| 摘要: |
| 针对中国玉米生产成本过高的问题，运用2020年中国和美国的截面数据，比较两国及中国各地区间玉米生产成本结构差异，并采用刻画等产量曲线的方法揭示玉米生产中机械投入与劳动力投入和土地投入与肥料投入的替代关系，明晰各地区玉米生产的投入特征。在此基础上，采用COST-DEA模型测算2010—2020年中国玉米主产省份的技术效率、要素投入效率、配置效率以及成本效率，分析玉米生产成本节约潜力。结果表明:玉米生产的人工成本和土地成本较高是导致中美玉米生产成本悬殊的重要原因；中国玉米生产成本效率平均为0.568，其效率损失主要来源于技术效率过低；从区域分布看，成本效率呈现西北和东北高、西南低的局面；从不同投入要素看，种子和肥料的利用率更高，土地和劳动力投入的节约潜力更大。因此，应综合提升玉米生产的技术效率和配置效率，降低玉米生产成本，提升中国农产品竞争力，保障粮食安全。 |
| 关键词: 玉米成本 成本效率 节约潜力 农产品竞争力 粮食安全 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.01.18 |
| 投稿时间：2022-04-08 |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA074) |
|
| Analysis of the cost saving potential of maize production in China based on COST-DEA model |
|
ZHANG Long,MU Yueying
|
| (College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In view of the high cost of corn production in China, the cross-sectional data of China and the United States in 2020 is used to compare the differences in the cost structure of corn production between China and the United States and among different regions of China. The method of depicting the equal yield curve is used to reveal the substitution relationship between machinery input and labor input and the substitution relationship between land input and fertilizer input in corn production to clarify the input characteristics of corn production in various regions. On this basis, the COST-DEA model was used to calculate the technical efficiency, factor input efficiency, allocation efficiency and cost efficiency of China's main corn-producing provinces from 2010 to 2020, and to analyze the cost saving potential of corn production. The results show that: The high labor cost and land cost of corn production are important reasons for the disparity in the production cost of corn between China and the United States; The average cost efficiency of corn production in China is 0. 568, and the efficiency loss is mainly due to the low technical efficiency; From the perspective of regional distribution, the cost efficiency is high in the northwest and northeast, and low in the southwest; From the perspective of different input factors, the utilization rate of seeds and fertilizers is higher, and the saving potential of land and labor input is greater. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the technical efficiency and allocation efficiency of corn production, reduce the cost of corn production, enhance the competitiveness of China's agricultural products, and ensure food security. |
| Key words: agricultural competitiveness food security maize cost cost efficiency saving potential |
