| 摘要: |
| 为探究施氮时期对谷子产量、品质和氮素利用率的影响，2020—2021年连续两年在河南省新乡市，选用5个不同基因型的谷子品种(‘济谷 20’、‘中谷 5号’、‘冀谷 31’、‘豫谷 18’和‘豫谷 28’)，设置4个施氮(尿素)时期，分别为T0(不施氮)、T1(播种期施氮)、T2(拔节期施氮)、T3(开花期施氮)，测定谷子的产量和品质性状及氮素利用效率等指标。结果表明:5个不同基因型谷子品种在4个不同施氮时期处理的产量由高到低均表现为T3>T2>T1>T0；谷子的峰值黏度、热浆黏度和糊化温度由高到低均表现为T0>T1>T2>T3；脂肪、膳食纤维、氮素利用效率在拔节期施氮(T2)下最高，显著高于T0和T1，但与T3无显著差异，蛋白质、直链淀粉、灰分、碳水化合物和食味氨基酸含量在开花期施氮(T3)下最高，显著高于T0、T1和T2，其中‘豫谷28’表现最为突出。相关性分析表明，拔节期施氮(T2)处理谷子的生物量、单穗重、千粒重与营养和食味品质的相关系数均显著高于播种期(T1)与开花期(T3)施氮处理。综上，谷子在拔节期施氮(T2)和开花期施氮(T3)处理可以兼顾高产和优质，而且拔节期施氮(T2)是品质、产量和氮素利用效率兼顾的最佳施氮时期。 |
| 关键词: 谷子 氮肥 产量 品质 氮素利用率 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.01.06 |
| 投稿时间：2022-04-06 |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06)；河南省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(Z20221341070)；河南省农业良种攻关项目(2022010401)；河南省农业科学院科技创新团队(2022TD33)；河南省农业科学院基础科研项目(2022 JC06) |
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| Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application stage on the grain yield and quality and nitrogen use efficiency of foxtail millet |
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QIN Na1,ZHU Cancan1,DAI Shutao1,SONG Yinghui1,WANG Chunyi1,LI Junxia1*,PING Xishuan2*
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| (1.Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;2.Henan Agricultural Technology Extension Central Station, Zhengzhou 450002, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the influence of nitrogen application stage on foxtail millet yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency, an experiment was consecutively carried out for two years in 2020 and 2021 in Xinxiang City, Henan Province. Five different millet cultivars with different genotypes(‘Jigu 20', ‘Zhonggu 5', ‘Jigu 31', ‘Yugu 18' and ‘Yugu 28')were used as tested materials. Four nitrogen fertilizer application stages(urea)were designed as follows: T0(no nitrogen fertilizer application), T1(nitrogen fertilizer application at sowing stage), T2(nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage)and T3(nitrogen fertilizer application at flowering stage). The yield, quality traits and nitrogen use efficiency of foxtail millet were measured. The results showed that: The yield of the five millet cultivars from high to low was T3>T2>T1>T0 under four different nitrogen fertilizer application stages. The peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and pasting temperature from high to low was T0>T1>T2>T3 under four different treatments. Under nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage(T2), the fat, fiber and nitrogen use efficiency of millet were significantly higher than those of T0 and T1, while there were no significant difference compared with T3. Under nitrogen fertilizer application of shooting stage(T3), the protein, amylose, ash, carbohydrate and eating amino acid content were significantly higher than those of T0, T1 and T2. Among them, the performance of ‘Yugu 28' was the most outstanding. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between biomass, spike weight, thousand grain weight and nutrition and eating quality of nitrogen fertilizer application of shooting stage(T2)were significantly higher than nitrogen fertilizer application at flowering stage(T3)and sowing stage(T1). In summary, the coordination of yield and quality under nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage(T2)and flowering stage(T3). The nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage(T2)was the best nitrogen application timing for both taking account of quality, yield and nitrogen use efficiency. |
| Key words: foxtail millet nitrogen fertilizer yield quality nitrogen use efficiency |
