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田间低磷胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌对苗期小麦生长的影响
张佳崎¹,蒲子天¹,张瑞芳^2,3,4,刘宏权⁵,张弛^2,3,4,王红^2,3,4,王鑫鑫^2,3,4*
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(1.河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 河北保定 071001;2.国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心, 河北保定 071001;3.河北省山区农业技术创新中心, 河北保定 071001;4.河北农业大学河北省山区研究所, 河北保定 071001;5.河北农业大学城乡建设学院, 河北保定 071001)

摘要:

为探求田间低磷胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对苗期小麦生长的影响，选用6个1977—2011年河北省主栽的小麦品种，试验在低磷土壤(速效磷含量4.5 mg/kg)进行，对土壤进行不添加(CK)和添加(+B)苯菌灵2个处理，设置双因素(6个品种×2个苯菌灵水平)随机区组田间试验设计，收获后测定小麦根系的菌根侵染率以及地上、地下部相关农艺性状和理化指标。结果表明:田间低磷胁迫下，+B处理可使6个品种小麦的菌根侵染率、植株地上部磷含量与叶面积分别较CK变化了17.33%~83.85%、-5.36%~18.02%和-5.74%~30.39%；+B处理使6个品种小麦的植株地上部干重较CK变化了-26.78%~16.27%。此外，+B处理6个品种小麦的植株根长、根冠比以及根系的酸性磷酸酶活性分别较CK变化了4.35%~27.23%、-4.50%~45.75%、10.14%~21.49%。田间低磷胁迫下，CK中6个小麦品种有8组地下部性状显著相关，+B处理有12组地下部性状显著相关；+B处理的地下部性状相关性比CK提升了50%。在低磷胁迫下，未添加苯菌灵(CK)的6个品种小麦幼苗AMF侵染率显著高于添加苯菌灵处理(+B)，小麦根系酸性磷酸酶活性比+B显著提高，除‘北京13’外，其他5个品种小麦的地上部磷含量均高于+B；+B的小麦根长较CK均有所降低，除‘石麦15’外，其他5个品种小麦的根冠比均小于CK，小麦地下部性状相关性显著提升。因此，田间低磷胁迫下，小麦根系AMF侵染率的提高，可使根际土酸性磷酸酶活性增强，根长与根冠比提升，进而提高小麦地上部磷含量，有利于苗期小麦生长。

关键词: 低磷胁迫小麦品种苯菌灵丛枝菌根真菌根系性状

DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.11.04

投稿时间：2021-11-30

基金项目:河北省小麦丰产全元养分测土配方施肥技术集成与示范项目(19226422D)；农业农村部商丘农业环境科学观测实验站开放课题(FIRI2019-02-0102)；河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费项目(KY202011)

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of wheat seedlings under low phosphorus stress in field condition

ZHANG Jiaqi¹,PU Zitian¹,ZHANG Ruifang^2,3,4,LIU Hongquan⁵,ZHANG Chi^2,3,4,WANG Hong^2,3,4,WANG Xinxin^2,3,4*

(1.College of Resources and Environment Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;2.Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center of National North Mountainous Area, Baoding 071001, China;3.Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China;4.Hebei Mountain Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;5.College of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China)

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on the growth of wheat(Triticum aestivum L. ), a total of 6 main wheat varieties planted in Hebei Province from 1977 to 2011 were selected. The experiment was carried out in low phosphorus(P)soil(Olsen-P 4. 5 mg/kg), and the soil was treated with benomyl(+B)and without benomyl(CK). The field experiment with two-factor(6 varieties×2 benomyl levels)was set up. After harvest, the root mycorrhizal colonization rate in wheat was determined. The agronomic traits and physicochemical indexes of above- and below-ground parts of wheat were also measured. The results showed that: Under low P stress in the field, the mycorrhizal colonization, P content and leaf area of 6 wheat varieties were significantly changed by 17. 33%-83. 85%, -5. 36%-18. 02% and -5. 74%-30. 39% under +B treatment compared with those in CK, respectively; The shoot dry biomass of 6 wheat varieties was significantly changed by-26. 78%-16. 27% under +B treatment compared with that in CK. In addition, the root traits of wheat such as root length, root-shoot ratio and A-Pase activity were changed by 4. 36%-27. 23%, -4. 50%-45. 75% and 10. 14%-21. 49% under +B treatment compared with those in CK, respectively. Under low P stress in the field, the whole analysis of 6 wheat varieties showed that eight groups of below-ground traits were significantly correlated in CK, and 12 groups of below-ground traits were significantly correlated in +B treatment. The correlation of below-ground traits in +B treatment was increased by 50% compared with that in CK. In conclusion, under low P stress, the AMF colonization of 6 varieties wheat seedlings without benomyl(CK)was significantly higher than that in treatment with benomyl(+B), and the A-Pase activity of wheat root was significantly higher than that in +B treatment. The P content in shoot of other 5 varieties wheat except ‘Beijing 13' was higher than that in +B treatment. The root length of wheat in +B treatment was lower than that in CK, and root-shoot ratio of other 5 varieties wheat except ‘Shimai 15' was lower than that in CK, and the correlation of wheat below-ground traits was significantly increased. In conclusion, under low P stress in field condition, the mycorrhizal colonization of wheat roots increases, leading to the increase of the A-Pase activity of rhizosphere soil, the root length and root-shoot ratio, and thereby the increase of shoot P content, which is conducive for the growth of wheat at seedling stage.

Key words: low phosphorus stress wheat varieties benomyl arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root traits