| 摘要: |
| 为优化木薯‖玉米间作的栽培行距，设置木薯的等行距单作(MS1)、宽窄行单作(MS2)以及等行距间作1行玉米(MI1)、宽窄行间作1行玉米(MI2)、宽窄行间作2行玉米(MI3)共5个模式处理，测定木薯和玉米的地上部农艺性状、产量，并测定木薯的薯构型、薯肉品质及土壤理化性质等指标。结果表明，MI3比MI1、MI2玉米株高增加9.5%~11.5%、茎粗增加14.4%~18.1%、总穗数增加45.1%~59.7%和鲜穗产量增加70.9%~76.4%。与单作相比，间作的木薯茎粗存在“竞争-恢复-反超”现象，间作可使鲜薯产量增加31.4%~56.2%、薯干产量增加34.7%~58.4%、淀粉产量增加37.5%~60.1%，收获指数提高35.1%~40.5%；其中，MI3处理的增加幅度均为最大。各模式处理的薯构型为垄向半幅宽30.2~36.2 cm、垂直垄向半幅宽20.6~26.4 cm、薯深22.5~24.7 cm；垄向0~40 cm分布着95.1%~98.5%薯数和98.1%~99.8%薯重；垂直垄向0~30 cm分布着≥86.9%薯数、≥97.2%薯重；0~25 cm土层分布着93.7%~99.2%薯数、97.6%~99.9%薯重，以MI3分布最广且最深。各模式的薯肉养分含量和食味差异不显著。收获木薯后的土壤理化性质表现间作优于单作、宽窄行优于等行距，以MI3最优。综上，宽窄行木薯间作2行玉米模式在木薯地上部长势、薯构型、产量和土壤理化性质方面优势最大，建议在海南省木薯生产上推广应用。 |
| 关键词: 木薯 玉米 间作 薯构型 互作 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.11.03 |
| 投稿时间：2021-12-01 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000600)；财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-11-hnhj) |
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| Effect of different cassava and maize intercropping models on yield, storage root configuration and soil physicochemical properties |
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LIU Lijuan1,2,HUANG Jie1,WEI Yunxia1*,WANG Juan1
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| (1.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute/Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Cassava Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;2.College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to optimize the cultivation space of cassava maize intercropping system, a total of five different modes, including equidistant row sole cassava(MS1), wide-narrow row sole cassava(MS2), equidistant row cassava intercropping 1 row maize(MI1), wide-narrow row cassava intercropping 1 row maize(MI2), wide-narrow row cassava intercropping 2 rows maize(MI3)were set up. Then the aboveground agronomic traits and the yield of cassava and maize were measured, the storage root configuration(SRC), flesh quality of cassava root, and the soil physicochemical properties were investigated. The results showed that: Compared with MI1 and MI2, MI3 increased maize plant height by 9. 5% to 11. 5%, stem diameter by 14. 4% to 18. 1%, the maize total ear number by 45. 1% to 59. 7% and the fresh ear yield by 70. 9% to 76. 4%. Compared with cassava monoculture, a “competition-recovery-transcendence” phenomenon was existed in cassava-maize-intercropping(C-M-I)system, and C-M-I also increased the cassava yield of fresh storage root(FSR)by 31. 4% to 56. 2%, dry storage root by 34. 7% to 58. 4%, starch by 37. 5% to 60. 1%, as well as significantly increased the harvest index(HI)by 35. 1% to 40. 5%. The increase of the MI3 treatment was the largest. The half width along the ridge direction and across the ridge direction or depth of SRC were 30. 2-36. 2 cm, 20. 6-26. 4 cm, 22. 5-24. 7 cm, respectively. Furthermore, about 95. 1%-98. 5% of the number of storage root(NSR)and 98. 1%-99. 8% of the weight of storage root(WSR)were distributed within 0-40 cm along the ridge direction, ≥86. 9% NSR and ≥97. 2% WSR were distributed within 0-30 cm across the ridge direction, and 93. 7%-99. 2% NSR and 97. 6%-99. 9% WSR were distributed under 0-25 cm soil. SRC of MI3 displayed the widest and deepest distribution. There was no significant difference among all treatments with the flesh quality and taste of cassava root. The soil physicochemical properties after cassava harvest showed that C-M-I was better than cassava monoculture, wide-narrow row was better than equal spacing and among them MI3 was the best. Overall, MI3 has the greatest advantages in the above-ground growth, SRC, yield and soil physicochemical properties, so it is recommended to be popularized and applied in cassava production of Hainan. |
| Key words: cassava maize intercropping storage root configuration interaction |
