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| 温室条件下不同新型地膜回收性能研究 |
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武灵燕1,赵淑梅1,2*,王平智1,2,尹宝全3,马云飞3,赵竹青4
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| (1.中国农业大学 水利与土木工程学院, 北京 100083;2.农业农村部设施农业工程重点实验室, 北京 100083;3.中国农业大学 烟台研究院, 山东 烟台 264670;4.烟台市牟平区农业技术推广中心, 山东 烟台 264100) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为探究适宜回收的地膜厚度，选用2种不同加工工艺的新型银黑双面地膜，厚度分别为0.010、0.015和0.025 mm，与符合国家标准要求的常用黑色地膜作对照，在温室条件下开展对比试验，用电子拉力试验机测试不同覆盖期地膜的力学性能，并结合含杂率、拾净率等指标综合评价地膜的回收性能。结果表明:在力学性能方面，随着地膜厚度增加，地膜断裂伸长率和最大拉伸负荷逐渐增大，厚度0.015 mm以上的地膜其力学性能保留率均在70%以上，因此，回收时仍有较好的力学性能；在含杂率方面，厚度0.015和0.025 mm的地膜，含杂率均低于80%，符合企业回收再利用的需求，可以一定程度上降低再利用处理成本；在拾净率方面，上述2种厚度的地膜表现良好，拾净率均在95%以上，有效降低了当年覆盖地膜的残留量。本研究进一步构建了地膜综合回收效果评价方法，并对地膜回收效果进行评价，结果表明在使用时长超过对照地膜123 d的情况下，这2种新型试验地膜总评价分值仍高于对照组60%以上，表现出良好的回收特性，且厚度越大，综合评分越高。综上，新型地膜各方面力学性能均有所提高，更适合长季节栽培；厚度0.015 mm以上的地膜综合回收效果更佳，对减少温室地膜残留量和促进回收地膜的循环再利用具有积极作用。 |
| 关键词: 地膜厚度 力学性能 含杂率 拾净率 回收效果 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.09.16 |
| 投稿时间：2021-12-28 |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-23-D02)；国际合作项目“新型地膜温室应用效果研究” |
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| Recovery performance of new plastic mulch films with different thickness |
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WU Lingyan1,ZHAO Shumei1,2*,WANG Pingzhi1,2,YIN Baoquan3,MA Yunfei3,ZHAO Zhuqing4
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| (1.College of Water Resource and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;2.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China;3.Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 2646704, China;4.Muping Agricultural Technology Service and Extention Center of Yantai City, Yantai 264119, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the suitable thickness of films for recycling, two new silver-black mulching films generated by different processing techniques were selected. Films with thickness of 0. 010 mm, 0. 015 mm and 0. 025 mm were compared with the common black mulching film that meets the requirements of the national standard in greenhouse. The mechanical properties of the mulching films in different covering periods were tested by electronic tensile testing machine, and the recovery performance of the mulching films was evaluated comprehensively with the combination of impurity rate and pick-up rate. The results show that: In terms of mechanical properties, the fracture elongation and the maximum tensile load of plastic film increase gradually with the increase of the thickness of plastic film. The retention rate of the mechanical properties of plastic film with thickness over 0. 015 mm is above 70%. Therefore, the plastic film still has good mechanical properties when recycled; In terms of impurity rate, the film thickness of 0. 015 mm and 0. 025 mm is lower than 80%, which meets the demand of recycling of enterprises and reduces the reuse cost of recycling treatment to a certain extent; In terms of the pick-up rate, the same two thicknesses of mulching film showed good characteristics, and the pick-up rate is more than 95%, which effectively reduced the residual amount mulching film in the year. This study further constructs the comprehensive recycling of plastic effect evaluation method, and evaluate the effect of plastic recycling The results show that the total score of the two new plastic films is 60% higher than that of the control film when it was used for 123 days longer than that of the control film, showing good recovery characteristic. The larger the thickness, the higher the comprehensive score. In conclusion, the mechanical properties of the new mulching film are improved, and it is more suitable for long-season cultivation. The mulching film with thickness of more than 0. 015 mm has better comprehensive recovery effect, which plays a positive role in reducing the residual amount of greenhouse mulch film and promoting the recycling of recycled plastic film. |
| Key words: thickness of mulching film mechanical properties impurity rate pick-up rate recovery effect |
