| 摘要: |
| 为了揭示农田景观作物种植多样性特征，从景观异质性角度，基于遥感影像解译获取的具有14类景观类型的农田景观格局图，明确了研究区作物和半自然生境分布特点；进一步对6个梯度作物面积比例为1 km2农田景观样方采用景观格局指数法，分析了农田景观作物面积比例对景观组分异质性、破碎度和配置异质性的影响。结果表明:研究区全域1 km2农田景观样方作物面积比例和半自然生境比例平均值分别为53.09%和21.55%，呈现高作物面积比例、低半自然生境比例的特点；研究区农田景观作物面积比例提升导致农田景观组分异质性、破碎度和配置异质性显著降低(P<0.05)；麦玉两熟斑块面积显著上升和斑块数量减少对华北平原农田景观异质性起决定性作用。综上，在华北平原，降低作物面积比例和缩小田块面积有利于提升农田景观异质性，而机械化和规模化作物生产降低了农田景观异质性。 |
| 关键词: 作物面积比例 农田景观 异质性 景观格局指数 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.07.07 |
| 投稿时间：2021-10-17 |
| 基金项目:粮食主产区资源要素与作物生产空间匹配特征及优化项目(2016YFD0300201) |
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| Effects of the proportion of crop area on farmland landscape heterogeneity in North China Plain |
|
WANG Xiaohui,CHEN Fu
|
| (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Farming System of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| High heterogeneity of crop and semi-natural habitat benefit farmland landscape heterogeneity. To clarify the characteristics of diversified crop planting from the perspective of farmland landscape heterogeneity, this study was conducted to quantify the impacts of crop area on farmland landscape compositional heterogeneity, fragmentation, and configurational heterogeneity. Several 1 km2 landscape samples contained 45% to 95% of crops were selected from the interpreted remote sensing images, and a total of fourteen landscape classes containing land use type and cropping patterns were identified. Landscape pattern metrics were used to describe landscape heterogeneity. The results indicated that the average proportions of crop area and semi-natural habitats area were 53. 09% and 21. 55%, respectively, presenting high crop amount and low semi-natural habitat proportion characteristics. From the perspective of farmland landscape, when the proportion of crop area increased from 45% to 95%, the Shannons diversity index, patch density and split index decreased significantly(P<0. 05). From the perspective of the wheat-maize double cropping patches, the increasing in crop area of farmland landscape led to significantly increase in wheat-maize area, and the number of patches and split index. decreased. In conclusion, decreasing the crop area and making full use of small-scale fields will be effective in constructing a more heterogeneous farmland landscape, while mechanization and large-scale production decreased heterogeneity in North China Plain. |
| Key words: proportion of crop area farmland landscape heterogeneity landscape pattern metrics |
