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| 不同类型谷子品种(系)光合性能、干物质积累转运和籽粒灌浆特性对产量的影响 |
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宋慧1,王涛2,闫宏山1,邢璐1,解慧芳1,李龙1,王淑君1,宋中强1,何庆1,刘金荣1*,冯佰利3*
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| (1.安阳市农业科学院 谷子研究所, 河南 安阳 455000;2.安阳工学院 生物与食品学院, 河南 安阳 455000;3.西北农林科技大学 农学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为探究华北夏谷区谷子品种的产量形成特性，以‘豫谷18’为对照(CK)，测定不同类型谷子品种(系)‘S 410’、‘豫谷35’和‘张杂13’在不同生育时期的光合性能、干物质积累转运及籽粒灌浆特性。结果表明:1)不同类型谷子品种产量差异显著，弯曲中穗型‘豫谷35’的产量、千粒重、出谷率和实收穗数比‘豫谷18’(CK)分别高0.35%、0.31%、0.80%和5.40%。2)灌浆期旗叶净光合速率(Pn)由高到低均表现为‘豫谷35’>‘豫谷18’(CK)>‘张杂13’>‘S 410’；灌浆期冠层光合能力以‘豫谷35’最高、‘豫谷18’和‘张杂13’次之、‘S 410’最低。由拔节期至成熟期，‘豫谷35’、‘豫谷18’、‘张杂13’和‘S 410’谷子叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Gi)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均表现为开花期>拔节期>灌浆期>成熟期。3)花后干物质的积累量、转移量、转运率和收获指数均表现为‘豫谷35’最高，分别比CK高16.45%、17.40%、17.17%和7.31%。4)不同籽粒部位灌浆持续时间、最大灌浆速率出现的时间和灌浆活跃期持续时间均表现为上部>下部>中部；弯曲中穗型‘豫谷18’与‘豫谷35’的平均灌浆速率分别为0.42和0.46 g/(1 000粒·d)，且均高于弯曲大穗型‘张杂13’(0.29 g/(1 000粒·d))和直立小穗‘S 410’(0.33 g/(1 000粒·d))。5)相关分析表明，产量与Pn显著正相关，与花后干物质积累量及转运率极显著正相关。综上，在华北夏谷区应选育具有较高的花后干物质积累量、干物质转移量和干物质转移率，较高的光合速率和冠层光合能力以及灌浆速率相对较高的弯曲中穗型品种，是实现谷子优质高产的有效途径之一。 |
| 关键词: 谷子 光合特性 干物质积累转运 籽粒灌浆 产量 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.07.06 |
| 投稿时间：2021-08-30 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1000700和2019YFD1000702-8)；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-13.5-B25)；河南省青年人才托举工程项目(2021HYTP035)；河南省现代农业产业体系建设专项(NO.Z2020-14-01) |
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| Study on the relationship between the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, grain filling parameter and yield of different genotypes foxtail millet cultivars/lines |
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SONG Hui1,WANG Tao2,YAN Hongshan1,XING Lu1,XIE Huifang1,LI Long1,WANG Shujun1,SONG Zhongqiang1,HE Qing1,LIU Jinrong1*,FENG Baili3*
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| (1.Institute of Foxtail Millet Research, Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China;2.College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China;3.College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To explore the yield formation characteristics of foxtail millet in North China's summer valley area, foxtail millet cultivar ‘Yugu 18' was used as the control(CK), and the photosynthetic performance, dry matter accumulation and transport, and grain filling characteristics of three different foxtail millet cultivars/lines ‘S 410', ‘Yugu 35' and ‘Zhangza 13' were determined during different reproductive stages. The results showed that: 1)There were significant differences in yield among different genotypes of foxtail millet cultivars. The yield, 1 000-grain weight, grain emergence rate and number of harvested ears of the curved medium-ear type ‘Yugu 35' were 0. 35%, 0. 31%, 0. 80% and 5. 40%. higher than those of ‘Yugu 18'(CK), respectively. 2)The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of flag leaves in the grain-filling stage from high to low is ‘Yugu 35'>‘Yugu 18'(CK)>‘Zhangza 13'>‘S 410'; the photosynthetic capacity of canopy at the filling stage was the highest in ‘Yugu 35', followed by ‘Yugu 18' and ‘Zhangza 13', and the lowest in ‘S 410'. During jointing stage to the mature stage, the net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)and the transpiration rate(Tr)in descending order was flowering>joining>grain>maturity. 3)The accumulation, transfer, transport rate and harvest index of dry matter after flowering were the highest in ‘Yugu 35', which were 16. 45%, 17. 40%, 17. 17% and 7. 31% higher than CK, respectively. 4)The grain-filling duration, the maximum grain-filling rate and the active grain-filling period in different parts lasted from high to low was upper>lower>middle; The average grain filling rates of curved middle ear cultivars ‘Yugu 35' were 0. 42 and 0. 46 g/(1 000 grains·d), respectively, and both were higher than those of the curved large panicle ‘Zhangza 13'(0. 29 g/(1 000 grains·d))and erect spikelet ‘S 410'(0. 33 g/(1 000 grains·d)). 5)Correlation analysis showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with Pn, and extremely significantly positively correlated with post-flowering dry matter accumulation and transport rate. In conclution, foxtail millet breeding in North China should select higher post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, dry matter transfer and dry matter transfer rate, higher photosynthetic rate and canopy photosynthetic capacity, and relatively high grain filling rate bending medium-spike cultivar and it is one of the effective ways to achieve high quality and high yield of foxtail millet. |
| Key words: foxtail millet photosynthetic characteristics dry matter accumulation and transport grain filling yield |
