| 摘要: |
| 为探索促进农户转变肥料投入行为、加速有机肥替代化肥，基于黄淮海与环渤海设施蔬菜优势产区蔬菜种植户调查数据，立足生产要素替代关系视角，在对农户有机肥替代化肥行为进行理论分析的基础上，运用超越对数生产函数模型、样条模型等对农户有机肥替代化肥的行为现状、驱动因素及异质性进行研究，结果表明:1)农户有机肥产出弹性高出化肥产出弹性44%，有机肥—化肥替代弹性为1.269，表现出较大的替代潜力；2)适度规模集中连片经营、专业化水平提高、使用更高肥效的有机肥、生态环保意识更强有利于推动农户有机肥替代化肥，而当前合作组织服务能力不足、优质优价机制尚未有效形成、有机肥效不稳定等问题则限制了农户替代积极性；3)家庭耕地面积在0.500~0.667 hm2的农户更倾向于用有机肥替代化肥。最后，提出应推动生产连片、适度规模经营，加强对农户有关有机肥知识与科学操作方面的教育和培训，提高有机肥质量与施用效果，鼓励社会化服务组织介入生产环节，建立绿色农产品品牌，实现优质优价的对策建议。 |
| 关键词: 有机肥 化肥减量 替代弹性 农户异质性 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.05.25 |
| 投稿时间：2021-07-06 |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA074)；国家自然科学基金项目(71773121)；国家自然科学基金青年项目(72103109)；现代农业产业技术体系北京市果类蔬菜产业创新团队(BAIC01-2021) |
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| Mechanism and driving factors of chemical fertilizer reduction from the perspective of factor substitution: A micro-empirical research from the main facility vegetable production area |
|
ZHANG Zhexi1,KANG Ting2,MU Yueying3*,XU Xue1
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| (1.Research Center for Rural Economy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100810, China;2.Information Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China;3.College of Economies & Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to promote farmers to change their fertilizer input behavior and accelerate the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer, based on the survey data of vegetable growers in the main facility vegetable production areas of Huang-Huai-Hai and Bohai Rim, this study discusses the mechanism of farmers' substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer. Translog production function model and spline model are used to analyze the current situation of using organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, factors affecting the substitution relationship between organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, different substitution performance of heterogeneous farmer. The results show that: 1)The output elasticity of organic fertilizer is 44% higher than that of chemical fertilizer, and the substitution elasticity is 1. 269. 2)The scale of land is moderate and distributed continuously, the production specialization level of farmers is higher, the output effect of organic fertilizer is better, and farmers have stronger awareness of ecological and environmental protection, which is conducive to farmers to replace chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer. However, at present, the service capacity of cooperative organizations is insufficient, the high quality and good price mechanism has not been effectively formed, and the quality of organic fertilizer is poor, which limits the enthusiasm of farmers to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer. 3)Farmers with family land scale of 0. 500-0. 667 hm2 are more inclined to use organic fertilizer rather than chemical fertilizer. Based on the above results, this study puts forward some suggestions as follows: Promoting continuous production and moderate scale operation; Strengthening the education and providing training for farmers on organic fertilizer knowledge and scientific operation; Stablizing the source of organic fertilizer, and improving the quality and effect of organic fertilizer; Encouraging social service organizations to intervene in production links; Establishing the brand of green agricultural products and realize high quality and good price. |
| Key words: organic fertilizer fertilizer reduction substitution elasticity household heterogeneity |
