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| 谷子秸秆雨水淋溶物对其根围土壤细菌多样性的化感效应 |
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冯茹姬1,胡春艳1,董淑琦2*,杨雪芳2,郭振宇1,原向阳2,胡桃花3,郭平毅2
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| (1.山西农业大学 植物保护学院, 山西 太谷 030801;2.山西农业大学 农学院, 山西 太谷 030801;3.山西省晋中市气象局, 山西 晋中 030600) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为了解谷子秸秆雨水淋溶物对土壤细菌的群落组成及其生态功能的影响。采用随机区组设计，在谷子苗期于垄间覆盖不同质量和长度的秸秆，灌浆期中雨后5 d采集根围土壤，利用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术，分析谷子秸秆雨水淋溶物对其根围土壤的细菌种群丰度和多样性的化感效应。土壤细菌Alpha多样性分析表明:当5 cm的秸秆覆盖2 000 kg/hm2和1 cm的秸秆覆盖4 000 kg/hm2时，能使土壤细菌群落丰富度维持在较高水平，同时保证细菌的多样性较高和均匀度较好。物种聚类分析和主成分分析表明:5 cm的秸秆覆盖2 000 kg/hm2和1 cm的秸秆覆盖4 000 kg/hm2时土壤细菌群落组成优势属差异较大，但其群落结构比较稳定。初步分析KEGG丰度热图发现:秸秆覆盖量为4 000 kg/hm2且秸秆长度为1 cm时产生的雨水淋溶物不仅显著降低了多种与碳水化物代谢、氨基酸代谢和能量代谢的酶基因相对丰度，减少了土壤中与碳代谢及氮代谢有关的细菌类群，抑制了土壤细菌对碳源利用能力以及土壤碳、氮代谢，还降低了钛、镍元素转运相关的酶基因丰度，抑制了土壤中微量元素钛和有益元素镍的利用。综上，谷子秸秆的雨水淋溶物可以改善土壤细菌群落结构丰富度及多样性，2 000 kg/hm2，长度为5 cm的谷子秸秆覆盖产生的雨水淋溶物相比其他处理的化感促进效果较好，且4 000 kg/hm2，长度为1 cm谷子秸秆覆盖产生的雨水淋溶物对碳水化物代谢、氨基酸代谢和能量代谢通路上的相关基因表达化感抑制效果较为显著。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆雨水淋溶物 化感效应 土壤细菌 群落多样性 16S rRNA扩增子测序 PICRUSt功能预测 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.04.06 |
| 投稿时间：2021-09-27 |
| 基金项目:山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202003-5)；国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-A28)；山西省粮食系统研发项目(202001)；山西省“1331”工程重点创新团队(谷子)项目；山西省应用基础研究计划面上青年基金项目(201901D211366)；山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2020-068)；晋中市科技重点研发计划(农业)项目(Y202009) |
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| Allelopathic effects of rain leaching from millet straw on the bacterial community in bulk soil |
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FENG Ruji1,HU Chunyan1,DONG Shuqi2*,YANG Xuefang2,GUO Zhenyu1,YUAN Xiangyang2,HU Taohua3,GUO Pingyi2
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| (1. College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;2. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;3. Jinzhong Meteorological Bureau, Jinzhong 030600, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to understand the effects of straw rain eluviation of foxtail millet straw on soil bacterial community composition and its ecological function, a randomized block design was used in this research. Different weights and lengths of foxtail millet straw were used to cover spaces between ridges at seedling stage of foxtail millet, and the bulk soil was collected five days after moderate rain during grain filling stage. The allelopathic effect of rain eluviation of foxtail millet straw on bacterial population abundance and diversity in bulk soil were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplified fragment sequencing technology. The soil bacterial alpha diversity analysis showed that: The richness of soil bacterial community could be maintained at a high level, and the bacterial diversity and evenness were higher when the 5 cm straw mulching amount was 2 000 kg/hm2 and the 1 cm straw mulching amount was 4 000 kg/hm2. The results of species cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that: The dominant genera of soil bacterial community were quite different when the 5 cm straw coverage was 2 000 kg/hm2 and the 1 cm straw mulching amount was 4 000 kg/hm2, and the community structure was relatively stable. The KEGG abundance heatmap analysis showed that the rain eluviation of the straw coverage was 4 000 kg/hm2 and the straw length was 1 cm produced not only significantly reduced the relative abundance of a variety of enzyme genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism, but also reduced the bacterial groups related to carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism in soil. It also decreased the gene abundance of enzymes related to the transport of Ti and Ni, and inhibited the utilization of Ti and Ni in soil. In conclusion, the richness and diversity of soil bacterial community could be improved by the rain eluviation of foxtail millet straw. Compared with other treatments, the allelopathic effect of the rain eluviation produced by 2 000 kg/hm2 of foxtail millet straw mulching and 5 cm in length was the best. The allelopathic inhibition effect of related gene expression in amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism pathway of 4 000 kg/hm2 of foxtail millet straw mulching and 1 cm in length was significant. |
| Key words: straw rain eluviation allelopathy soil bacteria community diversity 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing |
