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| 棉花应用脱叶催熟剂对后茬小麦生长及产量的影响 |
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汤可心1,霍旖旎1,宋兴虎1,张祥2,李亚兵3,杜明伟1*,田晓莉1,李召虎1
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| (1.中国农业大学 农学院/作物化控研究中心/植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100193;2.扬州大学 农学院, 江苏 扬州 225009;3.中国农业科学院 棉花研究所, 河南 安阳 455000) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为探究麦后直播棉生产中应用脱叶催熟剂对后茬小麦出苗、苗期生长及产量的影响，在盆栽条件下，土壤添加不同浓度的‘噻苯隆’后，测定小麦出苗及苗期生长指标；在田间条件下应用不同浓度的‘噻苯隆’与‘乙烯利’混用进行棉花脱叶催熟，并测定后茬小麦出苗率、苗期生长指标及产量等指标。结果表明，‘噻苯隆’在土壤中的半衰期为6.9 d，土壤添加低剂量(0.66~66.00 g/hm2)的‘噻苯隆’对小麦出苗、苗期株高、根系形态、物质积累及分配无显著影响，但添加高剂量(132.00~135.00 g/hm2)的‘噻苯隆’显著降低小麦出苗率、株高、根表面积、根体积和根干重。棉田混用450~900 g/hm2 50%的‘噻苯隆’和1 725~4 500 mL/hm2 40%的‘乙烯利’对后茬小麦出苗率无显著影响，但用量增至1 200 g/hm2 50%的‘噻苯隆’和9 000 mL/hm2 40%的‘乙烯利’可使后茬小麦出苗率下降18.7%；450~600 g/hm2 50%的‘噻苯隆’和1 725~4 500 mL/hm2 40%的‘乙烯利’混用对后茬小麦2叶期的株高无显著影响，但可使根长降低35%~43%。450~600 g/hm2 50%的‘噻苯隆’和2 250~3 000 mL/hm2 40%的‘乙烯利’混用不影响后茬小麦产量，但600 g/hm2 50%的‘噻苯隆’和4 500 mL/hm2 40%的‘乙烯利’混用可使后茬小麦千粒重和产量分别下降11%和22%。棉花应用较低剂量脱叶催熟剂(450 g/hm2 50%的‘噻苯隆’+1 725 mL/hm2 40%的‘乙烯利’)的脱叶催熟效果可以达到机采要求，而且后茬小麦与对照相比，出苗率和产量无显著差异。 |
| 关键词: 麦后直播棉 脱叶催熟 噻苯隆 残留 小麦 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.03.01 |
| 投稿时间：2021-03-23 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201300)；现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-15-16) |
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| Effect of application of harvest aids in cotton on the emergence, growth and yield of subsequent wheat |
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TANG Kexin1,HUO Yini1,SONG Xinghu1,ZHANG Xiang2,LI Yabing3,DU Mingwei1*,TIAN Xiaoli1,LI Zhaohu1
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| (1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Research Center of Crop Chemical Control/Engineering Research Center ofPlant Growth Regulators of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;3. Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to investigate the effects of defoliation and ripening agent application during cotton harvesting on the emergence, seedling growth and yield of subsequent wheat, the emergence and seedling growth indexes of wheat were measured after adding different concentrations of ‘Thidiazuron' in soil under pot experiment condition. In the field test condition, the mixed use of ‘Thidiazuron' and ‘Ethephon' with different concentration was used to defoliate and accelerate ripening of cotton, and the seedling emergence rate, seedling growth index and yield of subsequent wheat were determined. The results showed that: The half-life of ‘Thidiazuron' in soil was 6. 9 d, and the addition of low dose(0. 66-66. 00 g/hm2)of ‘Thidiazuron' in soil had no significant effect on wheat emergence, plant height at seedling stage, root morphology, material accumulation and distribution. However, the emergence rate, plant height, root surface area, root volume and root dry weight of wheat were significantly decreased with the addition of high dose(132. 00-135. 00 g/hm2)of ‘Thidiazuron'. The mixed use of 450-900 g/hm2 50% ‘Thidiazuron' and 1 725-4 500 mL/hm2 40% ‘Ethephon' had no significant effect on seedling emergence rate of subsequent wheat. However, when the dosage increased to 1 200 g/hm2 50% ‘Thidiazuron' and 9 000 mL/hm2 40% ‘Ethephon', the seedling emergence rate of subsequent wheat decreased by 18. 7%. Mixed use of 50% ‘Thidiazuron' 450-600 g/hm2 and 40% ‘Ethephon' 1 725-4 500 mL/hm2 had no significant effect on plant height at the second leaf stage, but could significantly reduce root length by 35%-43%. The mixed use of 450-600 g/hm2 50% ‘Thidiazuron' and 2 250-3 000 mL/hm2 40% ‘Ethephon' did not affect subsequent wheat yield. The 1 000-grain weight and yield of subsequent wheat were decreased by 11% and 22% respectively, when the mixture of 50% ‘Thidiazuron' at 600 g/hm2 and 40% ‘Ethephon' at 4 500 mL/hm2. Suppliment with lower dosage of defoliation and ripening agent(450 g/hm2 50% ‘Thidiazuron' +1 725 mL/hm2 40% ‘Ethephon')could meet the requirements of cotton machine picking, and there were no significant differences in the seedling emergence rate and yield of the subsequent wheat compared with the control. |
| Key words: direct-seeded cotton after wheat defoliation and ripening Thidiazuron residue wheat |
