| 摘要: |
| 为探究黄土丘陵区乡村“人、境、地”演变特征及原因，并对村庄是否迁并进行诊断分类，以陕西省米脂县为例，采用参与式乡村评估、遥感解译耕地变化等方法，在识别黄土丘陵区乡村人地系统演化特征、探究乡村衰落规律的基础上，提出因地制宜迁并村庄的诊断指标体系。结果表明:1)2001—2020年米脂县调研乡村人口流失率达54.75%，老龄化与低文化程度在村庄常住人口中所占比例分别为58.44%、72.79%；调研村窑洞空置率达51.78%，基础设施缺失，本村就医率仅25.78%，人均农业水资源量仅有39.53 m3；农业载体的耕地因撂荒与退耕还林还草减少了61.67%；2)造成上述现状的主要原因包括:黄土丘陵区农业产量低，农业生产效率水平低，人均经营耕地少，乡村生活质量差等内因；城乡就业收入差距大，农民对生活质量的追求等外因；3)围绕人口、住房、城乡关系、水资源及耕地5个维度建立迁并村庄诊断指标体系，分类结果表明迁并村庄主要是生活与生产功能较差的偏远村庄。本研究建立的迁并村庄诊断指标体系可运用于国土空间规划中的乡村居民点布局优化，为科学、有效地开展迁村并点提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 黄土丘陵区 乡村振兴 迁村并点 村庄分类 乡村衰落 米脂县 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.02.20 |
| 投稿时间：2021-05-10 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41671216) |
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| Evolution characteristics of “person, environment and land” in loess hilly region and the classification of moving and merging villages: A case study of Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province |
|
JIANG Meng1,XIE Zhen2,ZHANG Fengrong1*,ZHANG Tianzhu1,CHANG Yuyang1
|
| (1.College of Land Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality and Monitoring of Ministry of Natural Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.College of Public Administration, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To explore the evolution characteristics and reasons of “people, environment and land” in rural areas in loess hilly region, and to diagnose and classify whether villages move or not, Mizhi County of Shaanxi Province is taken as an example. Participatory rural assessment and remote sensing interpretation of cultivated land changes methods are used. The evolution characteristics of the rural human-land system in loess hilly region is identifed and the law of rural decline is explored. And the diagnosis method of moving and merging villages according to local conditions was then proposed. The results show that: 1)The loss rate of the rural population surveyed in Mizhi County from 2001 to 2020 reaches 54. 75%, and the proportion of aging population and low education level in the village resident population are 58. 44% and 72. 79%, respectively. The vacancy rate of the cave dwellings in the surveyed villages is 51. 78%. There is lack of infrastructure, and the medical treatment rate in the villages is only 25. 78%. The water resources per capita agricultural are only 39. 53 m3. The cultivated land of agricultural carriers is reduced by 61. 67% due to the abandonment of farmland and conversion of farmland to forests and grasslands. 2)The main reasons for the above situation include the internal factors such as low agricultural output in loess hilly area, low level of agricultural production efficiency, less cultivated land per capita, poor quality of life in rural areas, and the external factors such as the large employment income gap between urban and rural areas, farmers' pursuit of quality of life. 3)A diagnostic index system is established based on five dimensions including population, housing, urban-rural relationship, water resource, and cultivated land. In conclusion, the diagnostic index system established in this study can be used to optimize the layout of rural settlements in territorial spatial planning and this study provides a reference for scientific and effective village relocation. |
| Key words: loess hilly area rural revitalization movement and merger of village village classification rural decline mizhi county |
