| 摘要: |
| 禽法氏囊的结构发育与其免疫功能密切相关，二者直接关系到禽养殖业的健康发展。为了解法氏囊发育与免疫功能的研究近况，采用文献综述和归纳总结的方法，阐述现阶段法氏囊发育与免疫功能的研究新进展。结果表明:1)法氏囊发育始于原基发生，最新研究发现该过程与内外胚层均相关；影响造血干细胞向法氏囊定向迁移的具体因素尚未完全理清，但趋化因子起着重要作用，如CXCL12-CXCR4轴参与B淋巴细胞对法氏囊的定植；目前将法氏囊增龄性退化机制归咎于机体内激素水平的变化，主要为性固醇类激素、生长激素以及皮质固醇类激素，但哪种激素起主导作用则尚存争议。2)法氏囊对B淋巴细胞进行筛选的关键是B淋巴细胞前体表面免疫球蛋白的重排形式以及B淋巴细胞表面受体复合物与肠道抗原的结合情况；法氏囊分泌的囊素肽在促进B淋巴细胞增殖与分化中起重要作用，目前19种囊素肽已被鉴定；法氏囊的免疫功能易受到多种因素影响，目前常见的影响因素包括病原微生物及环境应激源，它们能以直接或间接的方式引起法氏囊结构的损伤和淋巴细胞的损耗从而引起机体的免疫抑制。针对研究现状，提出仍待解决的问题:法氏囊能与其他器官组织进行互作，但调控该过程的关键因子筛选与验证仍处于探索阶段。随着技术的发展与革新，将推动法氏囊免疫功能的更深入研究，也将为实践生产提供多维度的理论指导。 |
| 关键词: 法氏囊 发育 免疫功能 研究进展 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.02.12 |
| 投稿时间：2021-04-23 |
| 基金项目:云南省科技计划项目重大科技专项(2016ZA008)；云南联合基金项目(U2002205)；苏正昌专家工作站(2019IC008)；国家自然科学基金项目(U1702232) |
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| New progress on the development and immune function of the bursa of avian fabricius |
|
HE Yang,SHI Hongmei,DU Yanli,DOU Tengfei,WANG Kun,JIA Junjing,GE Changrong
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| (Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The structural development of the bursa of fabricius is closely related to its immune function, and they are directly related to the healthy development of poultry industry. To understand the research statutes of development and the immune function of the bursa of fabricius recently, the research progress of bursa development and immune is described by literature review and summary. The results showed that: 1)The development of the bursa of fabricius begins with primordium formation, which is related to the endoderm and the ectoderm; The specific factors affecting the directional migration of hematopoietic stem cells to bursa of fabricius have not been fully clarified. However, chemokine plays an important role. For example, the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis is involved in the colonization of B lymphocytes colonization; At present, the mechanism of involution of the bursa changes with age is attributed to the hormone levels in the body, mainly the sexual hormone, growth hormone, and corticosteroid hormone, but which hormone plays the dominant role is still controversial. 2)The key to the selection of B lymphocytes by bursal of Fabricius is the rearrangement of immunoglobulin on the surface of B lymphocyte precursors and the binding of the receptor complex on the surface of B lymphocyte to intestinal antigen; The peptides secreted by the bursa of fabricius play an essential role in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, and 19 bursa peptides have been identified at present; The immune function of the bursa of fabricius is affected by a variety of factors easily and the common influencing factors include pathogenic microorganisms and environmental stressors, which can directly or indirectly cause the damage of bursa structure and damage to lymphocytes, thus causing the immune suppression of the body. In view of the current situation, the problems still to be solved are put forward in this study: The bursa can interact with other organs and tissues, but the screening and validation of key factors regulating this process are still in the exploratory stage. With the development and innovation of technology, it will promote further research on the immune function of the bursa of fabricius, and provide multi-dimensional theoretical guidance for practical production. |
| Key words: bursa of fabric development immune function research progress |
