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长期施肥方式对双季稻根系生理特性与产量的影响
石丽红¹,李超¹,唐海明^1*,文丽¹,李微艳¹,肖小平¹,程凯凯¹,刘曲²,程爱武²
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(1.湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125;2.宁乡市农业技术推广中心, 湖南宁乡 410600)

摘要:

为探明双季稻区不同施肥模式对双季水稻根系生理指标和产量的影响，以1986—2018年的长期大田定位试验为平台，2018—2019年设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(MF)、秸秆还田配施化肥(RF)和有机、无机肥配施(OM)4种施肥模式，对双季稻根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、植株干物质积累和产量变化等指标进行测定。结果表明，与MF和CK相比，RF和OM增加早、晚稻各个生育时期水稻根系的SOD、POD和CAT酶活性，降低其丙二醛(MDA)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量。各个生育时期，植株根系的硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和根系活力由高到低早稻均为OM>RF>MF>CK，晚稻均为RF>OM>MF>CK。OM的水稻根系和茎叶干重均显著高于MF和CK。2个年份的早稻产量均以OM和RF为最高，分别比MF增加944.8~1143.2和435.9~516.1 kg/hm²；晚稻产量均以RF和OM为最高，分别比MF增加386.2~387.4和119.8~123.7 kg/hm²。因此，在湖南省双季稻生产中，长期采取有机肥、秸秆还田配合施用化肥措施有利于提高水稻根系保护性酶活性和产量。

关键词: 施肥模式水稻根系干物质保护性酶产量

DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2021.09.03

投稿时间：2020-10-19

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31872851)；湖南省自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(2019 JJ10003)

Effects of different long-term fertilizer management on physiological characteristic of root and yield of rice in double-cropping rice paddy field

SHI Lihong¹,LI Chao¹,TANG Haiming^1*,WEN Li¹,LI Weiyan¹,XIAO Xiaoping¹,CHENG Kaikai¹,Liu Qu²,CHENG Aiwu²

(1.Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha 410125, China;2.Ningxiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Ningxiang 410600, China)

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the physiological characteristic of root and grain yield of rice under different long-term fertilizer regime in the double-cropping rice system. The superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity of rice root, dry matter accumulation of rice plant, and grain yield of rice were investigated from 2018 to 2019 based on long-term fertilizer field experiment. The experiment were included four different fertilizer treatments: Without fertilizer input as control(CK), chemical fertilizer alone(MF), rice straw returning and chemical fertilizer(RF), and 30% organic fertilizer and 70% chemical fertilizer(OM). The results showed that compared with MF and CK treatments the activity of SOD, POD and CAT of rice root were increased in RF and OM treatments at main different growth stages of early rice and late rice. Meanwhile, compared with MF and CK treatments, the malondialdehyde(MDA)and proline(Pro)contents of rice root were decreased with RF and OM treatments at main different growth stages of early rice and late rice. The nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity of rice root and root activity with different fertilizer treatments were decreased in the order of OM>RF>MF>CK at main different growth stages of early rice, and RF>OM>MF>CK at main different growth stages of late rice, respectively. The dry weights of rice root and shoot with OM treatment were significantly higher than that of MF and CK treatments. The grain yield of early rice with OM and RF treatments were higher than that of MF and CK treatments and the grain yield of late rice with RF and OM treatments were higher than that of MF and CK treatments, respectively. In 2018 and 2019, the grain yield of early rice were increased by 944. 8-1 143. 2 and 435. 9-516. 1 kg/hm² with OM and RF treatments compared with MF treatment, respectively. The grain yield of late rice were increased by 386. 2-387. 4 and 119. 8-123. 7 kg/hm² with RF and OM treatments in 2018 and 2019, compared with MF treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the long-term combined application of organic manure and rice straw returning with chemical fertilizer practice was an effective way to improve protective enzyme activity of rice root and grain yield of rice in double-cropping rice system of Hunan Province.

Key words: fertilizer regime rice root dry matter protective enzyme rice yield