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| 全球禾-豆生产系统作物多样性变化特征及其影响 |
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胡忆雨1,2,邹军1,吴尧1,王小慧1,杨雨豪1,陈阜1,尹小刚1*
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| (1.中国农业大学 农学院/农业农村部农作制度重点实验室, 北京 100193;2.浙江大学 农业与生物技术学院, 杭州 310058) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为探索作物多样性变化对作物生产的影响，利用规模优势指数等方法系统分析1961—2017年全球主要禾本科与豆科作物生产和农业投入等特征。结果表明:1)1961—2017年，全球玉米和水稻收获面积显著增加，欧洲、亚洲和非洲的主要禾本科作物规模优势指数呈上升趋势；大豆是全球种植规模最大的豆科作物，1961—2017年来大豆收获面积显著增加，南美洲和北美洲的豆科作物规模优势指数呈上升趋势；全球主要禾本科和豆科作物产量和单产水平均显著提高。2)2002—2017年，全球农业生产中氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和农药投入总量均明显增加，其中中国和亚洲其他国家(地区)农业生产投入总量最大。3)2002—2017年，在主要禾本科作物规模优势明显地区，主要禾本科作物规模优势指数的增加会导致单位面积化肥和农药投入量显著提高，而豆科作物规模优势指数的增加会使单位面积化肥和农药投入量显著减小。因此，在中国等主要禾本科作物多样性指数大的地区，可适当提高豆科作物多样性对于减少化肥农药投入、提升作物生产系统的可持续发展。 |
| 关键词: 主要禾本科作物 豆科作物 种植结构 作物多样性 规模优势指数 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2021.08.02 |
| 投稿时间：2020-08-24 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300201)；国家自然科学基金(31801316,32071979)；中国科协青年人才托举工程(2019QNRC001) |
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| Changes and impacts of crop diversity in global cereal-legume production systems |
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HU Yiyu2,ZOU Jun1,WU Yao1,WANG Xiaohui1,YANG Yuhao1,CHEN Fu1,YIN Xiaogang1*
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| (1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Farming System of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the impacts of crop diversity changes on crop production, Scale Advantage Index(SDI)was used to systematically analyze the changing characteristics of the global major cereals and grain legumes′ production and agricultural inputs from 1961 to 2017. The results showed that: 1)From 1961 to 2017, the harvested area of maize and rice increased rapidly, the SDI of the main cereals showed an upward trend in Europe, Asia and Africa. Soybean was the world′s largest grain legume crop, and its harvested area increased significantly and the SDI of grain legumes showed an upward trend in South and North America since 1961. The global major cereals' production and yield improved. 2)From 2002 to 2017, the application rates of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and pesticides increased significantly globally, and the total consumption of agricultural production in China and other parts of Asia were the largest. 3)From 2002 to 2017, the increased SDI of the major cereals resulted in significantly increase of fertilizer and pesticides application rates per unit area in the regions where the main cereals had significant scale advantages. However, the increased SDI of grain legumes caused significant decreasing in the consumption of fertilizer and pesticides. Consequently, in regions like China where major cereals have a large crop diversity index, improving the diversity of grain legumes is of great significance to reduce the fertilizer and pesticide inputs and promote the sustainable development of crop production systems. |
| Key words: main cereals grain legumes planting structure crop diversity scale advantage index |
