| 摘要: |
| 基于CNKI、Science Direct、Web of Science等数据库，以“面源污染”为主题，以“N”、“淋洗”、“径流”、“化肥”、“缓控释肥”、“秸秆还田”等为关键词，搜索1995年至2016年发表的文献资料，共收集了我国三大平原主要粮食作物氮(N)径流和淋洗的近200 篇研究文献。通过提取文献中的施肥量、土壤养分、质地、灌溉降雨、产量等数据，计算单位产量N流失量及分析其影响因子，并基于逐步回归方法，构建不同作物和施肥管理措施的单位产量N流失量模型。结果表明:1)施用化肥条件下，长江中下游平原单位产量N淋洗量主要受土壤全N的影响，黄淮海平原主要受到施N量和土壤全N的影响；2)长江中下游平原单位产量N径流量主要受到田间水分管理措施及施磷量、土壤全N的影响；3)在缓控释肥、秸秆还田条件下，主要影响因子分别为土壤全N含量、施N量。因此，本研究提出以下建议:在长江中下游平原，单位产量N径流量高于单位产量淋洗量，需通过生态沟渠、缓冲带等技术加强对田间径流中的N的拦截、回收利用，扩大水稻缓控释肥的施用面积；在黄淮海平原，施用化肥条件下施N量是单位产量N淋洗量的重要影响因素，应优化减少施N量，控制砂质土壤条件下的水肥施用，扩大秸秆还田面积；在东北平原，要加强水肥运筹调控提高氮利用率。 |
| 关键词: 单位产量氮流失负荷 径流 淋洗 影响因子 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2021.01.16 |
| 投稿时间：2020-04-28 |
| 基金项目:“十二五”水体污染控制与治理专项(2015ZX07103-007) |
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| Impacts factors of nitrogen loss on yield-scaled basis in some regions in China based on literature survey |
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WANG Qian
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| (Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment of Ministry ofAgriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on CNKI, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases, around 200 literature related to N runoff and leaching loss of major cereal systems of three major plains in China and published on 1995-2016 were collected by taking “non-point pollution” as searching theme and “N”, “leaching”, “runoff”, “chemical fertilizer”, “slow and controlled-release fertilizer” and “straw returning practice” as keywords. Yield-scaled N loss was calculated by extracting valuable data from the literature, including fertilization amount, soil nutrition, soil texture, precipitation, irrigation and crop yield. Impact factors were analyzed by setting up multi-factors linear regression models of yield-scaled N loss for different crops and specific field management based on step-wise regression method. The main results were: 1)In terms of chemical fertilizer, the main impact factor affecting yield-scaled N leaching loss was soil total nitrogen content(TN)in MLYP(Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain), and N fertilization amount and TN in NCP(North China Plain); 2)Yield-scaled N runoff loss was more affected by irrigation field management, P fertilization amount and TN in MLYP; 3)In terms of SCRF(Slow and controlled-release fertilizer)and straw returning tillage, the main impact factors were TN and N fertilization amount, respectively. Relevant management measures suggested in this study are as follows: In MLYP, yield-scaled N runoff loss is higher than yield-scaled N leaching loss. In order to reduce yield-scaled N runoff loss and enhance the recycling and retaining of N nutrient, it is necessary to adopt technologies such as ecological ditches or buffer zones. The application area of SCRF should be increased. In NCP, in the case of chemical fertilizer, N application is an important factor positively affecting yield-scaled N leaching loss, which suggests a proper value could be determined by decreasing N application amount. It is needed to decrease wheat growing area in sandy soil and increase straw returning tillage area. In Northeast Plain, both irrigation and N fertilization management should be optimized to improve nitrogen use efficiency. |
| Key words: yield-scaled nitrogen pollution loss runoff leaching impact factor |
