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优化施磷对华南酸性红壤区甜玉米产量、磷肥利用效率和碳排放的影响
颜晓军¹,叶德练^1,2*,吴良泉¹,孟祥明¹,郑朝元¹,许炜东³,张世昌⁴
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(1.福建农林大学资源与环境学院/国际镁营养研究所, 福州 350002;2.福建农林大学农学院/作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室, 福州 350002;3.诏安县农业农村局土肥站, 福建诏安 363500;4.福建省农田建设与土壤肥料技术总站, 福州 350003)

摘要:

为优化华南酸性红壤区甜玉米减磷增效措施，分别在福建诏安和琅岐开展田间试验，研究不同施磷处理(对照，0 kg/hm²；农户常规，化学磷肥135 kg/hm²+有机肥 6 000 kg/hm²，撒施；恒量监控，化学磷肥35 kg/hm²，穴施；有机替代，化学磷肥17.5 kg/hm²+有机肥434 kg/hm²，穴施)对甜玉米产量、磷素累积量、磷肥利用效率和碳排放的影响。结果表明:1)恒量监控和有机替代处理的甜玉米产量、生物量和磷素累积量与农户常规处理之间无显著性差异。2)与农户常规处理相比，恒量监控和有机替代处理均可以提高甜玉米的磷肥偏生产力和磷肥回收利用率。3)恒量监控和有机替代处理的平均产投比分别较农户常规处理提高39.8%和36.5%，平均每kg产量的碳排放量较农户常规分别下降14.9%和13.2%。因此，恒量监控和有机替代处理可以满足甜玉米稳产需求，同时可以提高磷肥利用效率、增加收益和减少碳排放，是减磷增效的有效途径。

关键词: 甜玉米磷肥高效利用碳排放

DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2020.11.03

投稿时间：2020-03-02

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200200,2017YFD0200207)；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31701367)；福建省教育厅省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT170157)

Effects of optimal phosphorus application strategies on the yield, phosphorus use efficiency and carbon emission of sweet maize in acid red soil of South China

YAN Xiaojun¹,YE Delian^1,2*,WU Liangquan¹,MENG Xiangming¹,ZHENG Chaoyuan¹,XU Weidong³,ZHANG Shichang⁴

(1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;2.College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;3.Station of Farming Soil and Fertilizer Zhaoan County, Zhaoan 363500, China;4.Farmland Construction and Soil Fertilizer Technology Station of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350003, China)

Abstract:

In order to optimize phosphorus(P)fertilizer application strategies of sweet maize for high efficiency and yield in acid red soil of South China, field experiments were conducted in Zhaoan and Langqi counties in Fujian Province. The effects of different P fertilization practices on sweet maize yield, P accumulation, P fertilizer use efficiency and carbon emission were investigated. Four treatments were control treatment(P₂O₅ 0 kg/hm²), farmer fertilizer practice(P₂O₅ 135 kg/hm² and organic matter 6 000 kg/hm² using broadcast application), optimal P fertilization practice based on P building-up and maintenance approach(P₂O₅ 35 kg/hm² using spot application), and organic substitution treatment(P₂O₅ 17. 5 kg/hm² and organic matter 434 kg/hm² using spot application). The results showed that: 1)There were no significant differences between optimal P fertilization practice, organic substitution treatment and farmers' P fertilization practice on sweet maize yield, shoot biomass and P₂O₅ accumulation. 2)Optimal P fertilization practice and organic substitution treatment increased P fertilizer partial productivity and P fertilizer apparent recovery efficiency of sweet maize compared with farmers' P fertilization practice. 3)Compared with farmers' P fertilization practice, the ratio of economic output to input under optimal P fertilization practice and organic substitution treatment increased by 39. 5% and 36. 2%, and carbon emissions per kilogram of production reduced by 14. 9% and 13. 2%, respectively. Therefore, optimal P fertilization practice and organic substitution treatment can maintain sweet maize yield with increasing P fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefit as well as reducing carbon emission in red soil of high P concentration.

Key words: sweet maize phosphorus fertilizer effective utilization carbon emission