| 摘要: |
| 为探明外源微生物对堆肥重金属有效性的影响，以猪粪和玉米秸秆为堆肥原料，在初始碳氮比为25与含水量60%的条件下，利用自制密闭式堆肥反应器研究分别接种5‰长枝木霉Trichoderma longibrachiatum(T1)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amylolyticus(T2)和酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae(T3)的3种外源微生物菌剂对堆肥中重金属铜锌铅形态变化的影响。结果表明:接种外源微生物可分别提前3、3和1 d使堆肥温度升至60 ℃并延长高温期，长枝木霉和解淀粉芽孢杆菌可有效缩短堆肥的腐熟过程；外源微生物可钝化堆肥产品中的重金属Cu、Zn和Pb，解淀粉芽孢杆菌对Cu、Zn和Pb的钝化效果都较好，相对钝化率分别为80.96%、5.02%和41.00%；长枝木霉对Cu和Pd的钝化效果较好，相对钝化率分别为67.09%和5.01%；酿酒酵母对Cu和Pb的钝化效果较好，相对钝化率分别为64.46%和11.51%。选择适宜的外源微生物接种菌剂，可同步实现堆肥品质提升和重金属钝化。 |
| 关键词: 微生物 堆肥 重金属 形态变化 钝化 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2020.05.13 |
| 投稿时间：2019-08-04 |
| 基金项目:国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系岗位科学家(CARS-23-B16) |
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| Effects of exogenous inoculums on the fractions variation of heavy metals copper, zinc and lead in compost |
|
HAO Lina,CHANG Ruixue,LI Yanming,WANG Jie,CHEN Qing,ZHAO Hengyu
|
| (Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Farmland Soil Pollution, College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To investigate the effects of exogenous microorganisms on the fractions variation of heavy metals during composting, this study carried out a composting experiment in a self-made closed composting reactor. The inoculums of Trichoderma longibrachiatum(T1), Bacillus amylolyticus(T2)and Saccharomyces cerevisiae(T3)were used in the raw materials pig manure and corn straw with the initial C/N ratio of 25 and water content of 60%. The results showed that, inoculums shortened the time by 3, 3 and 1 days to reach 60 ℃, and prolonged the duration time of high temperature. T. longibrachiatum and B. amylolyticus shortened the maturity process by 14 days compared with the control. At the same time, the inoculums reduced the effectiveness of heavy metals Cu, Zn and Pb in compost products, among which B. amylolyticus had the best effectiveness on reduction of the availability of Cu, Zn and Pb, with the relative passivation rates 80. 96%, 5. 02% and 41. 00%, respectively. T. longibrachiatum reduced the effectiveness of Cu and Pb, with the relative passivation rates 67. 09% and 5. 01%, respectively. While S. cerevisiae had the relative passivation rates of 64. 46% and 11. 51% respectively. Therefore, suitable inoculants could improve the quality of compost and passivate the heavy metal availability simultaneously. |
| Key words: microorganisms composting heavy metals morphological change passivation |
