| 摘要: |
| 为探究氮素对毛华菊形态性状的影响及为菊花观赏性状改良提供参考价值，以混合瓣型的毛华菊为试材，对15、30、60和90 mg/L氮水平下毛华菊形态性状差异研究分析。结果表明:上盆98 d时，毛华菊的株高和叶片数随氮水平增高呈递增趋势，叶片数最终呈缓慢增长直至停止。叶长、叶宽和叶长宽比呈规律性变化趋势，叶缘的开裂程度随氮水平增加而增加。以90 mg/L水平开花时间最早，15 mg/L水平开花最晚，二者盛花时间相差22 d。花序直径和单株头状花数量差异显著，以90 mg/L水平下头状花数最多，为29.40；15 mg/L水平最少，仅3.50；舌状花的平瓣、匙瓣、管瓣和单朵花序的舌状花数和花心直径在不同氮水平下差异不显著，舌状花数均为13~14。舌状花的S值分布以S∈(0.00，0.25】、S∈(0.25，0.50】 区间最多，其次为S∈(0.50，0.75】、S=1.00、S∈(0.75，1.00)，S=0.00无，混合瓣型毛华菊的舌状花或多或少均存在开裂，不存在完全闭合的情况。综上，毛华菊整体生长状态和速率在营养生长阶段随氮水平升高而递增，各生殖指标也随着氮水平的变化呈一定差异，尤其是开花时间和头状花数量，说明氮在毛华菊发育进程中发挥了重要作用。 |
| 关键词: 氮水平 毛华菊 形态性状 差异 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2020.05.07 |
| 投稿时间：2019-04-15 |
| 基金项目:中国传统菊花新品种培育与产业化关键技术研究(Z191100008519002) |
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| Difference analysis of morphological traits of Chrysanthemum vestitum under different nitrogen levels |
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ZHANG Qiuling,YANG Xiuzhen,DAI Silan,QIU Dandan,DONG Nanxi,LI Qingqing
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| (College of Landscape Architecture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding/National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture/Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To explore the effect of nitrogen on the morphological traits of Chrysanthemum vestitum, and provide references for the improvement of chrysanthemum ornamental traits, a mixed petal type of C. vestitum was used as a test material to analyze the differences of various morphological traits of C. vestitum under nitrogen levels of 15, 30, 60 and 90 mg/L. The results showed that the plant height and leaf number of C. vestitum increased with the increase of nitrogen level at 96 d and the number of leaves eventually increased slowly until they stopped. The leaf length, leaf width and leaf length-to-width ratio showed a regular changing trend and the degree of cracking of the leaves edge increased as the nitrogen level increase. The flowering time was the earliest at the nitrogen level of 90 mg/Land the flowering time was the latest at the level of 15 mg/L, they were 22 days in between. The difference in the diameter of the inflorescence and the number of head flowers per plant was significant, and the number of head flowers was up to 29. 40 for 90 mg/L, and was the least for 15 mg/L, only 3. 50. The total number of lingual flowers and diameter of the flower of flat petals, petals, tube and single inflorescence of the lingual flower were not significantly different under different nitrogen levels, and the total number of lingual flowers were between 13 and 14. The S value distribution of the tongue flower was the most in the range of S∈(0. 00, 0. 25】 and S∈(0. 25, 0. 50】, followed by S∈(0. 50, 0. 75】, S=1. 00, S∈(0. 75, 1. 00), S=0. 00 was none. The results above indicated that the bud flower of the mixed petal type of C. vestitum had more or less cracking, and there were no complete closure. In summary, the overall growth status and rate of C. vestitum increased with the increase of nitrogen level in the vegetative growth stage. The reproductive indicators also showed differences especially in the flowering time and the number of flower head under different nitrogen levels, indicating nitrogen played an important role in the development of C. vestitum. |
| Key words: nitrogen level Chrysanthemum vestitum morphological traits differences |
