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| 有机肥施用量和树龄差异对苹果园土壤真菌群落的影响 |
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柴小粉1,2,杨雅菲1,2,张杰3,韩振海1,2,许雪峰1,2,张新忠1,2,吴婷1,2,王忆1,2*
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| (1.中国农业大学 园艺学院, 北京 100193;2.农业农村部园艺作物营养与生理重点实验室, 北京 100193;3.北京农学院 植物科学技术学院, 北京 102206) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为揭示有机肥施用量对不同树龄果园土壤真菌群落的影响，在北京市昌平区选择不同有机肥施用量和种植年限的苹果园，采集0~20 cm的土壤样品，利用Illumina Miseq 高通量测序平台测定及分析土壤真菌丰富度、群落组成和群落结构，并与土壤理化性质和果实品质进行关联分析。结果表明:1)该苹果园长期施用有机肥，土壤有机质和速效养分(特别是碱解氮)含量增加；2)有机肥施用量相同时，随着树龄增加果园土壤真菌丰富度增加；而有机肥施用量对幼龄果园土壤真菌的丰富度和成龄果园土壤真菌群落的多样性有更多的影响；3)该苹果园土壤真菌包括7个门，其中子囊菌门和担子菌门为优势菌群，并且有机肥施用量使优势菌的占比发生改变，随有机肥施用量的增加，子囊菌门相对丰度增加，而担子菌门相对丰度降低；4)通过RDA分析表明，假霉样真菌属、毛壳菌属和镰刀菌属与果园土壤有机质和速效养分之间存在正相关关系，同时在果实可滴定酸和可溶性糖含量上也有正向作用。综上所述，适量增加有机肥施用量可增加有益真菌组成，从而提高树体长势和果实品质。 |
| 关键词: 苹果 树龄 有机肥 真菌群落 土壤养分 果实品质 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2020.05.04 |
| 投稿时间：2019-07-30 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201100)；现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-27)；北京市林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心(CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000099) |
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| Soil fungal community in apple orchards relative to manure application and cultivation history |
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CHAI Xiaofen1,2,YANG Yafei1,2,ZHANG Jie3,HAN Zhenhai1,2,XU Xuefeng1,2,ZHANG Xinzhong1,2,WU Ting1,2,WANG Yi1,2*
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| (1.College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Physiology of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Beijing 100193, China;3.Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To evaluate the effects of manure application rates and different cultivation histories on soil fungi communities in apple orchards, and provide valuable reference for playing the biological potential of fungi, soil samples collected from apple orchards of different tree ages and manure application rates in Beijing were taken as study material. High-throughput sequencing technologies were employed to analyze soil microbial properties. The relationships of soil fungal community with soil physic-chemical properties and fruit qualities were analyzed using the redundancy analysis(RDA). The results showed that: 1)In Beijing apple orchard, long-term manure application increased the soil organic matter and available nutrient(especially alkali-hydrolyzable N). 2)Under same manure application rate, the apple orchard soil fungal richness increased with the age of trees, the application rate of manure affected the soil fungal richness in young apple orchards and affected the diversity of soil fungi community in mature orchards. 3)The apple orchard soil fungal community was composed of seven types of phyla, and the dominant fungi at the phylum level were affiliated to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The proportion of these dominant fungi varied with the manure application rates, along with the increase of manure application, the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased, but the relative abundance of Basidiomycetes decreased. 4)RDA analysis showed that the relative abundance of Pseudallescheria, Chaetomium and Fusarium were significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter and available nutrition, and positively correlated with titratable acid and soluble sugar. In conclusion, the cultivation and manure application rate are the predominant factors which change the soil properties and also affected the soil fungi community structure. |
| Key words: apple orchard cultivation history manure application rates soil fungi communities soil property fruit qualities |
