| 摘要: |
| 基于1995、2005和2015年3期土地利用遥感监测数据，构建“生产-生态-生活”土地利用主导功能分类体系，利用土地利用转移矩阵、重心模型、生态环境质量指数等方法，对东北地区20年间土地利用转型时空变化特征及生态环境效应进行分析。结果表明:1)1995—2015年，东北地区土地利用转型主要表现为生产用地持续增加、生态用地持续减少和生活用地小幅增加，前期变化剧烈后期趋缓。2)各类功能用地的空间分布表现出较为明显的不均衡性，农业生产用地、牧业生态用地和水域生态用地的空间分布不均衡性进一步加剧，工矿生产用地、林业生态用地、其他生态用地和生活用地的空间分布不均衡性有所缓和。3)东北地区区域生态环境质量指数从1995年的0.581持续下降至2015年的0.575，生态环境质量持续恶化，空间分布以高质量区和中低质量区为主，农业生产用地和林业生态用地之间的相互转变是影响生态环境质量变化的主要因素。东北地区土地利用转型及生态环境质量的时空变化特征与区域社会经济发展水平、城市化进程、农业开发进程基本保持一致，粮食主产区土地利用转型及其生态环境效应特征具有一定的独特性。 |
| 关键词: 三生空间 土地利用转型 生态环境效应 粮食主产区 东北地区 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2020.04.13 |
| 投稿时间：2019-06-12 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目(41801173)；山东建筑大学博士科研基金(XNBS1826) |
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| Land use transformation and its eco-environment effects in Northeast China |
|
LU Chang1,ZHANG Ao2
|
| (1.School of Management Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China;2.School of Humanities & Law, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on the remote sensing monitoring data of land use in 1995, 2005 and 2015, a “ecological-production-living” land use leading function classification system was constructed and the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and ecological environment effects of land use transformation in Northeast China over the past 20 years were quantitatively analyzed. The methods used in this study included land use transfer matrix, center of gravity model, regional ecological environment quality index. The results showed that: 1)From 1995 to 2015, the land use transformation in Northeast China mainly manifested as the continuous increase of production land and living land, while there was continuous decrease of ecological land. At early stage it changed sharply and slowed down latter. 2)The spatial distribution of all functional land types was obviously unbalanced. The unbalanced spatial distribution of agricultural production land, animal husbandry ecological land and regional ecological land was further aggravated. The unbalanced spatial distribution of industrial and mining production land, forestry ecological land, other ecological land, urban living land and rural living land was moderated. 3)The regional eco-environmental quality index in Northeast China declined from 0. 581 in 1995 to 0. 575 in 2015. The spatial distribution was mainly in high-quality and medium-low-quality areas, and the eco-environmental quality continued to deteriorate. The mutual transformation between agricultural production land and forestry ecological land was the main factor affecting the change of ecological environment quality. In conclusion, the spatial and temporal changes of land use transformation and ecological environment quality in Northeast China were basically consistent with the level of regional social and economic development, urbanization process and agricultural development process. The land use transformation and its ecological environment effects in the main grain producing areas had certain uniqueness. |
| Key words: ecological-production-living spaces land use transformation eco-environment effect Northeast China |
