| 摘要: |
| 为探明不同微喷灌施氮方式对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响，以‘济麦22’为材料，在底施纯氮 105 kg/hm2 条件下，2016年春季设置追施纯氮45(N1)、90(N2)和135 kg/hm2(N3)，每个追氮量采用微喷灌拔节期一次性追施(JS)和分别在拔节、孕穗、开花和灌浆期4次等量追施(4T)2种方式，测定冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率。结果表明:1)微喷灌条件下，随施氮量的增加，冬小麦产量先增加后降低，以N2处理产量最高；相同施氮量下，分次施氮处理产量显著高于拔节期一次性施氮，产量的增加主要由于显著提高千粒重；2)拔节期一次性施氮提高冬小麦开花期群体叶面积指数，而分次施氮处理灌浆期的叶面积指数显著高于拔节期一次性施氮，相同施氮量下分次施氮延缓灌浆中后期旗叶的衰老，从而有利于花后干物质积累和粒重的提高，但过多施氮导致粒重下降，总干物质积累量减少；3)不同施氮量处理间水分利用效率以N2处理最高，相同施氮量下分次施氮处理水分利用效率显著高于拔节期一次性施氮处理。综上所述，与拔节期一次性施氮相比，微喷灌采用分次施氮显著提高冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率，微喷水肥一体化N2处理下分次施氮为最佳的高产高效氮肥运筹模式。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦 微喷灌 氮肥运筹 水分利用效率,产量 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2020.03.01 |
| 投稿时间：2019-04-21 |
| 基金项目:中国农业大学基本科研业务费(2019TC020)；国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300105)；国家自然科学基金(31871563) |
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| Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application and micro-sprinkling irrigation integration on grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat |
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LI Jinpeng,SONG Wenyue,YAO Chunsheng,ZHOU Xiaonan,ZHANG Zhen,WANG Zhimin,ZHANG Yinghua
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| (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the effects of nitrogen application and micro-sprinkling irrigation integration on the grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain, a field experiment was conducted during the 2015-2016 growing season, and the high-yield wheat(Triticum aestivum L. )cultivar ‘Jimai22' was taken as study object. Under the condition of 105 kg N/hm2 as the base fertilizer, there were three nitrogen fertilizer application amounts(N1, 45 kg/hm2; N2, 90 kg/hm2; N3, 135 kg/hm2)with micro-sprinkling irrigation 4 times at jointing, booting, anthesis and filling stages. The nitrogen fertilizer was applied with two modes: One applied at jointing stage(N1-JS, N2-JS, N3-JS)and another one used the integration of water and fertilizer technology, i. e. , nitrogen fertilizer was applied equally four times at jointing stage, booting stage, flowering stage and filling stage, respectively(N1-4T, N2-4T, N3-4T). The grain yield(GY), leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll content of flag leaves during the grain filling, dry matter accumulation(DM)and harvest index(HI), and water use efficiency(WUE)of different treatments were investigated. The results showed that the grain yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level under the micro-sprinkling irrigation. N2 obtained the highest GY. At anthesis stage, the LAIs of one-time nitrogen application at jointing stage were significantly higher than the treatment of splitting application of nitrogen fertilizer, but the former was significantly lower than the latter at filling stage. The micro-sprinkling irrigation with divided application of nitrogen fertilizer treatments delayed the senescence of flag leaves during the middle-late filling stage, which was beneficial to the DM after anthesis and increased the grain weight. The water use efficiency of N2 treatment was significantly higher than those of N1 and N3 treatments. Under the same nitrogen application amount, compared with one-time applied of nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage, the divided application of nitrogen fertilizer treatment significantly improved the WUE. In conclusion, compared with the one-time nitrogen fertilizer applied at jointing stage, the grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat were significantly improved by the integration of water and fertilizer. In this study, using micro-sprinkling irrigation with water and fertilizer integrated, four times of nitrogen fertilizer application under N2 condition was the best treatment, which could be introduced as the high-yield and efficient nitrogen fertilizer application mode of winter wheat in the North China Plain. |
| Key words: winter wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation nitrogen application regimes water use efficiency grain yield |
