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| 同步授粉对玉米穗粒数和籽粒早期生长的影响 |
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林珊1, 陈先敏1, 吴巩1, 赵雪1, 申思1, 梁效贵1, 高震1, 周顺利1,2
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| (1.中国农业大学 农学院, 北京 100193;2.河北省低平原区农业工程技术研究中心, 河北 吴桥 061802) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为探明同步授粉（SP）与自然授粉（NP）玉米果穗不同部位籽粒生育特性，以‘郑单958’为材料，设置5和11株/m2 2个种植密度处理，比较2种授粉方式对玉米穗粒数的影响以及授粉前子房与授粉后籽粒的早期发育动态变化。结果表明：2个密度处理下同步授粉的玉米穗粒数分别较自然授粉2017年提高1.1%和30.0%，2018年提高1.4%和26.2%。自然授粉果穗顶部子房重和籽粒重在整个早期发育过程中均显著低于果穗底部，而同步授粉处理在吐丝至授粉前，顶部和底部子房重量差异随着授粉时间的延长而逐渐减小，使得授粉当天的二者重量差异不显著。同步授粉显著提高授粉后15 d果穗的生长速率。可见，低密度（5株/m2）条件下同步授粉对玉米穗粒数影响不显著，但在高密度（11株/m2）条件下使玉米的穗粒数与果穗生长速率显著提高，这可能是由于同步授粉导致果穗顶部与底部子房与籽粒生长差异变小，同化物向"库"端分配增强有关。 |
| 关键词: 玉米 穗粒数 同步授粉 自然授粉 子房 库 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2019.11.01 |
| 投稿时间：2019-02-22 |
| 基金项目:粮食丰产增效科技创新重点专项（2016YFD0300301）；国家玉米产业技术体系（CARS-02-13） |
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| Effects of synchronous pollination on kernel number and kernel development at early stage |
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LIN Shan1, CHEN Xianmin1, WU Gong1, ZHAO Xue1, SHEN Si1, LIANG Xiaogui1, GAO Zhen1, ZHOU Shunli1,2
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| (1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.Center of Agricultural Engineering and Technical Research for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao 061802, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to clarify the characteristics of kernel growth and development between different positions of maize ear under synchronous pollination (SP) and natural pollination (NP) treatments,the maize hybrid ‘Zhengdan 958’ was grown in the field at two planting densities (5 and 11 plant/m2).The results showed that:The SP respectively increased kernel number by 1.1% and 30.0% at 5 plants/m2 and 11 plants/m2 in 2017; 1.4% and 26.2% at 5 and 11 plants/m2 in 2018.The ovary/kernel weight at apical region of ear was significantly lower than that at the basal region of ear during early kernel development under NP treatment.Difference between apical ovary and basal ovary turned smaller from silking to pollination day and no difference was found at pollination day under SP treatment;The ear growth rate was significantly increased at 15 d (days after pollination) by SP.Hence,the effect of SP on grain number per ear was not significant under low plant density.However,the grain number per ear and ear growth rate were significantly increased under high plant density indicating the decrease of the difference between the apical and basal ovary and grain growth,and the enhancement of assimilate distribution to sink. |
| Key words: maize kernel number synchronous pollination natural pollination ovary sink |
