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| 黑龙江省现代与传统农业区域农村居民点格局差异分析 |
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隋虹均1, 张慧1, 刘浩然1, 乔广印1, 邱凯玉1, 栾思雨1, 姜佩林1, 汲春雨1, 韩晶1, 章桂芳2
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| (1.东北农业大学 资源与环境学院, 哈尔滨 150030;2.中山大学 地球科学与工程学院, 广州 510275) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为探寻黑龙江省现代农业区即垦区与传统农业区即农区农村居民点格局的差异及农业发展状态对居民点格局的影响，基于抚远市现代与传统农业区农村居民点的布局现状，运用空间统计分析与景观格局指数相结合的方法对两类农村居民点即聚居居民点与田间散居住宅进行定量化研究。结果表明：现代农业区与传统农业区聚居态主要农村居民点标准差椭圆的长短轴差值、形状指数以及居民点规模全局聚类值与显著性检验分别为：8 743.39与13 426.64 m、10.98与15.18、0.107 478与0.000 015、2.26与0.67，田间散居住宅的数量依次为1 742与487个现代农业区散居住宅核密度远高于传统农业区，表明二者的农村居民点格局存在显著的差异，现代农业区聚居态主要农村居民点规模呈现出全局高值的集聚特征，空间分布较为均匀，形状较为简单，其田间散居住宅密度较高分布较为密集，传统农业区聚居态主要农村居民点空间分布随机，形状相对复杂，其零星分布散居住宅；现代农业区水田种植比例与耕作半径较大耕作强度较高耕种期内农民选择在田块间建立散居住宅以提高耕作效率，即水田种植比例与耕作半径是导致现代与传统农业区田间散居住宅分布差异的主要因素；传统农业区的农田基础设施与田块特征尚不完善，而聚居态主要农村居民点布局对农业生产条件的依赖性较大，即农田基础设施与田块特征是造成现代与传统农业区聚居态主要农村居民点空间格局差异的关键因素。未来黑龙江省在进行农村居民点整治时应对现代与传统农业区进行分区整治，现代农业区应充分考虑耕地结构与耕作半径，传统农业区应注重农田基础设施与田块的特征，以实现黑龙江省现代与传统农业区土地的高效与集约利用。 |
| 关键词: 土地利用 现代农业区 传统农业区 土地管理 农村居民点 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2019.08.19 |
| 投稿时间：2018-08-10 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41402297）；黑龙江省博士后基金项目（LBH-Z12032） |
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| Analysis on the difference of rural residential area patterns between modern and traditional agriculture in Heilongjiang Province |
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SUI Hongjun1, ZHANG Hui1, LIU Haoran1, QIAO Guangyin1, QIU Kaiyu1, LUAN Siyu1, JIANG Peilin1, JI Chunyu1, HAN Jing1, ZHANG Guifang2
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| (1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;2.School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the differences between the rural residential area in the modern agricultural area of Heilongjiang Province and the rural area in the traditional agricultural area,and the impact of agricultural development status on the residential pattern,this study is based on the layout of rural residential areas in modern and traditional agricultural areas in Fuyuan City.By using the combination of spatial statistical analysis and landscape pattern index,quantitative research was conducted on two types of rural residential areas,namely,residential settlements and scattered houses in the field.The results show that the difference between the long and short axis of the standard deviation of the main rural residential areas in the modern agricultural area and the traditional agricultural area,the shape index,the global clustering value and significance of the settlement size are:8 743.39 and 13 426.64 m,10.98 and 15.1,0.107 478 and 0.000 015,2.26 and 0.67.The number of diasporas in the field are respectively 1 742 and 487.The nuclear density distribution map of diasporas in modern agricultural area is much higher than that in traditional agricultural area,indicating that there are significant differences in their of rural settlements patterns.The size of the main rural settlements in the districts of modern agriculture shows a global high-value clustering feature.Its spatial distribution is relatively uniform and shape is relatively simple.The density of scattered residential houses in the field is relatively dense.The spatial distribution of the main rural residential areas in the traditional agricultural areas is random.Its shape is relatively complicated,and its distribution is scattered and the proportion of paddy field planting in modern agricultural area is larger than that of farming tillage.The intensity of tillage is higher.Farmers choose to establish diasporas between fields to improve the efficiency of farming,that is,the ratio of paddy field planting and tillage radius is different in the distribution of diasporas between modern and traditional agricultural areas.The farmland infrastructure and field characteristics of the traditional agricultural areas are not perfect,and the layout of the main rural residential areas in the settlement state is highly dependent on the agricultural production conditions indicating that the farmland infrastructure and field characteristics are key factors caused the spatial pattern of the main rural settlements in the modern and traditional agricultural areas.In the future,Heilongjiang Province should manage modern and traditional agricultural areas in the process of renovating rural residential areas.In modern agricultural areas,the arable land structure and farming radius should be fully considered.In traditional agricultural areas,more attentions should be paid to the characteristics of farmland infrastructure and fields to realize efficient and intensive use of land in modern and traditional agricultural areas. |
| Key words: land use modern agricultural area traditional agricultural area land management rural residential area |
