| 摘要: |
| 为实现旱区果园秸秆覆盖机械化和农业废弃物资源的高效利用，研制一种将秸秆等农业废弃物均匀覆盖于矮砧苹果园行间的果园秸秆覆盖机。采用自走式履带底盘和车箱大容积设计，以提高果园环境的适应性和作业效率。由液压马达驱动的车箱链板拨料机构和下料辊相配合，实现连续定量铺料，厚度可调。试验结果表明：秸秆覆盖厚度均匀，菌渣覆盖厚度标准差≤ 1.37 mm，宽度满足要求；下料辊正转时，下料量大，可实现厚层覆盖，此时下料辊转速与覆盖厚度正相关；下料辊反转时，下料量小，可实现薄层覆盖，此时拨料机构转速与覆盖厚度正相关。建立了菌渣覆盖厚度与车速、下料辊（或拨料机构）转速的二元线性模型，R2 ≥ 0.979，表明覆盖厚度在3.6~13.1 cm范围内可灵活调整。该机也可用于污染土壤修复，蚯蚓养殖床铺设等作业。 |
| 关键词: 果园 覆盖机 秸秆 农业废弃物 旱区 机械化 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2019.07.15 |
| 投稿时间：2018-11-01 |
| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（201503137）；农业农村部农业物联网重点实验室开放课题（2018AIOT-11），西北农林科技大学试验示范站（基地）科技成果推广项目（TGZX2016-32） |
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| Design and experiment on straw mulching machine in arid orchards |
|
XU Shaojie1, ZHU Xinhua1, WANG Dongyang2
|
| (1.College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;2.China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to realize mechanization of straw mulching in arid orchards and improve the efficient of agricultural wastes utilization,an straw mulching machine,which could evenly mulch agricultural wastes such as straw in the interrows of dwarf apple orchards needed to be developed.A self-propelled crawler chassis and large capacity of hopper were used to improve the work efficiency and adaptability of orchard environment.The scraper conveyor mechanism and discharge roller driven by hydraulic motor cooperated with each other to realize continuous quantitative mulching,and the thickness was adjustable.The results showed that the thickness of straw mulch was uniform,the standard deviation of spent mushroom substrate mulch thickness was no more than 1.37 mm,and the width met requirements.When the discharge roller was forward-rotating,a large amount of waste could be discharged.The larger covering thickness could be achieved,and the speed of the roller was positively related to the mulch thickness.When the discharge roller was reversed running,only a small amount of waste could be discharged;The thinner covering thickness could be achieved,and the speed of the scraper conveyor mechanism was positively related to the mulch thickness.A binary linear model of spent mushroom substrate mulch thickness was established,which was related to the speed of both the mulching machine and the discharge roller (or the scraper conveyor mechanism).The R2 of the model was more than 0.979 indicating that the mulch thickness could be adjusted flexibly within the range of 3.6 to 13.1 cm.The machine also could be used for soil remediation,earthworm culture bed laying and so on. |
| Key words: orchard mulching machine straw agricultural wastes arid area mechanization |
