| 摘要: |
| 利用田间试验的方法，研究磷肥（P2O5）施用量对宁夏扬黄灌区密植高产玉米产量、磷素吸收积累特征，明确宁夏扬黄灌区玉米生产适宜磷肥用量，以指导当地玉米生产。以正大12为供试材料，采用单因素随机区组设计，在玉米密度为9.75万株/hm2条件下设置5个磷肥（P2O5）用量0、45、90、135和180 kg/hm2，N 300.0 kg/hm2和K2O 75.0 kg/hm2均一致。从磷肥（P2O5）对密植玉米产量、经济效益、土壤磷素平衡和磷肥利用效率的影响进行分析。结果表明：施用磷肥（P2O5）增加了玉米穗粒数和百粒重，增产率为3.1%~7.8%，通过产量获得磷肥（P2O5）效应方程为Y=-0.053 7x2+15.803x+15 450（R2=0.981 9*），通过模拟计算最高产量P2O5用量为147.1 kg/hm2，从实际最佳经济产量P2O5用量为112.2 kg/hm2。经济效益角度分析P2O5用量在135 kg/hm2时利润最高，比对照增收5.7%。施用磷肥（P2O5）促进了玉米磷素的吸收累积，籽粒、秸秆和地上部磷素累积量，100 kg籽粒需P2O5量均随磷肥（P2O5）用量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势，均以施P2O5 135 kg/hm2最高，较对照分别提高24.0%、19.3%、22.1%和15.7%。P2O5用量为135 kg/hm2时磷肥利用效率最高为36.2%（P<0.05），磷肥偏生产力、磷肥农学效率和生理利用效率均随着磷肥用量增加呈下降趋势。施P2O5量为45~135 kg/hm2时耕层土壤速效磷均为当季匮缺。从玉米产量、经济效益、土壤磷素平衡和磷肥利用效率多个角度综合分析认为研究区域密植高产玉米磷肥（P2O5）用量适宜的范围为135~147 kg/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 宁夏扬黄灌区 玉米 磷素吸收积累 适宜用量 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2019.07.06 |
| 投稿时间：2018-05-21 |
| 基金项目:宁夏农林科学院全产业链示范推广项目（NKYZ-16-0903），宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2017BY085）共同资助共同资助 |
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| Phosphorus absorption,utilization characteristics and suitable application rate of high-density maize in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area |
|
GUO Xinnian1, JIN Xin2, MA Hongtao2, CHEN Gang1, JI Lidong1, LIANG Jinxiu1, ZHOU Tao1
|
| (1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment/Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China;2.Agricultural Comprehensive Development Office of Tongxin Municipality, Tongxin 751300, China) |
| Abstract: |
| A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on the yield and phosphorus absorption and accumulation of condensed planting high-yield maize in Ningxia Yellow River irrigated area.The aim of this study was to optimize the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer to guide maize production in this area.A total of 5 phosphorus levels were designed in this experiment including 0,45,90,135,180 kg/hm2 under the same condition of nitrogen(N 300.0 kg/hm2) and potassium (K2O 75.0 kg/hm2.The results showed that:The number of maize spikes and grain weight was increased by applying phosphate fertilizer;The yield of maize increased from 3.1% to 7.8%;The effect equation of maize phosphate fertilizer was Y=-0.053 7x2+15.803x+15 450 (R2=0.981 9*),Calculated by equation simulation;Computational acquisition maximum yield application P2O5 was 147.1 kg/hm2;The best economic yield of P2O5 was 112.2 kg/hm2.From the perspective of economic benefit,the profit of phosphate fertilizer was the highest when using 135 kg/hm2 treatment,its income increased 5.7% more than the control.The application of phosphate fertilizer increased phosphorus accumulation in grains,straw and aerial parts of maize by 24.0%,19.3%,22.1% and 15.7% compared to those of the control.When the amount of phosphate fertilizer was 135 kg/hm2,the maximum utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was 36.2%(P<0.05).The partial productivity,agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency decreased with the increase of phosphate fertilizer. The amount of phosphorus in 45-135 kg/hm2 in the range of soil available phosphorus was deficient.According to the comprehensive analysis of maize yield,economic benefit,soil phosphorus balance and utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer,it was concluded that the suitable application range of high yield corn phosphate fertilizer in the study area was 135.0 to 147.1 kg/hm2. |
| Key words: Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area maize phosphorus uptake and accumulation suitable amount of phosphate fertilizer |
