| 摘要: |
| 为了解农业机械的推广是否能够减少收获损失，本研究基于2016年中国20个省市1 032户农户水稻产后收获损失调研数据，利用分位数回归方法定量分析农业机械的使用对水稻产后收获损失的影响。结果表明：1）目前我国水稻的产后收割、脱粒、田间运输和清粮的总损失率为3.92%；2）不同环节的机械减损效果不同。在收获环节使用联合收割机可以降低农户的水稻损失率。在田间运输环节使用机械可以降低水稻的产后收获损失率。在清粮环节使用机械会加大水稻的产后收获损失率；3）购买农机社会化服务可以降低联合收获中水稻收获损失率较低的农户损失率，同时也会降低分段收获中水稻收获损失率较高的农户损失率。 |
| 关键词: 农业机械 水稻 收获损失 社会化服务 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2019.03.20 |
| 投稿时间：2018-06-01 |
| 基金项目:2015年度粮食行业公益性科研专项（201513004-2）；国家自然科学基金（71273262） |
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| Has machine harvest reduced the rice harvest losses? |
|
QU Xue, HUANG Dong, CAO Fangfang, WU Laping
|
| (College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To understand whether the machine harvest has reduced the rice harvest losses,based on the data of 1 032 Chinese farm households in 20 provinces in 2016,this study runs quantile regression to analyze the impacts of the machine harvest on harvest losses of rice.The results show that:Firstly,the total losses rate of harvest,threshing,field transportation and cleaning is 3.92%;Secondly,combined-harvesting can reduce the rate of losses of farmers who used their own machines.Compared with the manpower,using machine in transportation can reduce the loss rate but increase it in cleaning;Thirdly,the machine social service can reduce the rate of losses of farmers whose post-harvest loss rate is lower in the combined harvest while it increases it in the segmented harvest.In conclusion,in order to reduce the loss rate and take full advantage of agricultural machinery,it is necessary to improve and normalize the social service for the use of agricultural machinery. |
| Key words: agricultural machinery rice post-harvest losses socialized services |
