| 摘要: |
| 以引进的美国核桃品种‘维纳’、‘艾米格’和新疆本地品种‘温185’和‘新新2号’为试材，研究分析不同品种的植物学和生物学特性、花芽分化过程以及相关成花基因的表达。结果显示：4个品种在树体生长、枝芽发育特性、物侯期以及成花率和坐果率方面没有明显差异。在结果枝同一坐果部位形成双果、三果或以上的能力‘新新2号’明显强于‘维纳’，但‘新新2号’的果实大小和单果重都低于‘维纳’，而‘维纳’平均结果母枝上形成侧花芽的数量和坐果率高于‘新新2号’。从萌芽到开花结束直至当年侧芽发育过程中‘维纳’混合芽中的JrFT和JrLFY基因表达也高于‘新新2号’，而同时期的JrFLC基因表达则相对较低，说明‘维纳’在花芽分化和花器官形成过程中通过高表达JrFT和JrLFY基因，低表达JrFLC基因促进结果母枝上形成大量侧花芽，并利用大量侧花芽抽生结果枝坐果，形成较大的果实，使得最终产量并不低于同一个坐果部位大量着生2个或多个果实的‘新新2号’品种。 |
| 关键词: 核桃 结果习性 花芽分化 解剖结构 成花基因 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2018.10.06 |
| 投稿时间：2017-12-11 |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区高技术研究发展项目（201411108） |
|
| Analysis on the growth and fruiting and flower initiation characteristics of Xinjiang and American early fruiting walnut (Juglans regia L.) |
|
MA Kai1,2, HAN Liqun2, CUI Haiyang1, WANG Jixun2, Aisajiang·Maimaiti2, HU Jianfang1
|
| (1.College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.Institute of Horticultural and Crops/Xinjiang Fruit Science Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China) |
| Abstract: |
| American walnut industry occupies an important position in the world walnut industry with its large nut, thin shell and high yield. Xinjiang is one of the main producing areas of China's walnut and has a long history of cultivation. However, in recent years, cultivation and management techniques were not updated in time, which resulted in unstable yield, uneven quality, poor overall efficiency of walnut and other issues in the walnut production in Xinjiang. In this study, the introduced American walnut varieties ‘vina’, ‘Amigo’ and Xinjiang local varieties ‘Wen 185’ and ‘Xinxin2’ were used as materials to compare the botanical and biological characteristics of different varieties of flower buds differentiation process and expression of related flowering genes. The results showed that there was no significant difference among the four cultivars in tree growth, development characteristics of buds, astern stage, as well as flower rate and fruit setting rate. However, the ability to create double fruit, three fruit or more in the same branch of fertile branch of ‘Xinxin2’ was significantly higher than thatof ‘vina’. The size and fruit weight of ‘Xinxin2’ were lower than ‘vina’. The average flower buds on the shoots and fruit setting rate of ‘vina’ was higher than that of ‘Xinxin2’. At the same time, the expressions of JrFT and JrLFY genes in mixed buds from bud to flower stage of ‘vina’ were also higher than those of ‘Xinxin2’, while the expression of JrFLC gene in the bud was relatively lower. The results showed that ‘vina’ increased the expressions of JrFT and JrLFY genes during flower bud differentiation and flower organ formation, and formed a large number of lateral flower buds on the shoots. The use of a large number of lateral buds results fruiting branches, the formation of larger fruits with low expression of JrFLC gene. So its final yield produced was not lower than the ‘Xinxin2’ of the same set of fruit parts with two or more fruits. |
| Key words: walnut results habitat,flower bud differentiation anatomical structure flowering related genes |
