| 摘要: |
| 为厘清湘江流域长株潭段水污染现状，运用输出系数法及等标污染负荷法对2002—2015年长株潭三市下辖全部23个区县工业废水、城镇生活及农村农业水污染进行计算分析，全面解析水污染负荷的时空分布规律及成因。研究表明：水污染负荷尤其是工业废水污染负荷总体下降，工业废水污染物排放主要集中在株洲和湘潭段，城镇生活水污染负荷由大到小地区分布依次是长沙、株洲、湘潭，农业面源污染为三市主导水污染源，其污染负荷最大地区均是粮食种植和禽畜养殖规模大的区县；水体主要污染物为总氮、总磷、氨氮、化学需氧量、石油类及重金属，主要污染源为农业面源污染、城镇生活污水。产业结构不合理、污水处理能力不足及分散粗放的粮猪型经营模式，是湘江水污染的重要原因。本研究提出3条控制策略：优质高速发展株洲和湘潭的第三产业，优化产业结构及布局；继续加快推进三市污水处理设施建设与改造，提高县城污水处理能力；发展集约式粮猪业经营模式。 |
| 关键词: 水污染负荷 时空分布 产业结构 污水处理 集约式粮猪业 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2018.09.13 |
| 投稿时间：2017-11-16 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51674287） |
|
| The spatial-temporal distribution and causes of water pollution loads on Xiangjiang River Basin in Changzhutan |
|
PENG Yahui, ZHOU Keping, JIANG Junwei
|
| (School of Resource and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To clarify the current status of water pollution on Xiangjiang River Basin in Changzhutan, export coefficient modeling and equal standard pollution method are used to calculate the water pollution loads composing of industry waste water, city lives and agricultural pollution in Changzhutan's 23 counties from 2002 to 2015. The spatial-temporal distribution and causes of water pollution loads are fully analyzed. The results show that the water pollution loads especially industrial wastewater decreased in general, and the pollutions from industrial wastewater emission are mainly concentrated in Zhuzhou and Xiangtan City. The ascending order of contribution-rate of urban domestic sewage is Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. The agricultural non-point source pollution is mainly contributed by the counties where are large scale of grain cultivations and livestock. The main pollutants includes total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, petroleum and heavy metals. The primary pollution sources are agricultural non-point source pollution and urban waste water. The important reasons of water pollution in Xiangjiang River are irrational structure, inadequate sewage treatment and extensive operation of planting and pig-breeding. Three countermeasures are put forwarded at last:Rapid and high-quality tertiary industry should be developed in Xiangtan and Zhuzhou. Their industrial structures and region layouts should be optimized; The sewage treatment facilities in these three cities should be continuingly constructed and innovated; And the capacity of the sewage treatment in the counties should be improved; Intensive operation of planting and pig-breeding should be developed. |
| Key words: water pollution load spatial-temporal distribution industrial structures sewagetreatment intensive operation of planting and pig-breeding |
