| 摘要: |
| 为探讨自然降雨和有限灌溉条件下提高夏玉米的产量和水分利用效率。本研究利用1981—2015年吴桥气象数据和SIMETAW模型，分析黑龙港流域夏玉米全生育期及播种-出苗、出苗-拔节期、拔节-吐丝期和吐丝-成熟期4个生育阶段的有效降水量、需水量、降水耦合度和水分亏缺指数（CWDI）的变化趋势，同时分析水分亏缺对夏玉米产量的影响。结果表明：1）近35年来夏玉米全生育期水分亏缺指数呈不显著下降趋势；降水耦合度呈不显著上升趋势；需水量呈显著上升趋势。生育期延长是夏玉米需水量上升的主导因素，30年来生育期延长20多天；2）夏玉米全生育期干旱程度主要为无旱和轻旱，概率分别为51.43%和45.71%，播种-苗期和吐丝-成熟期水分亏缺指数最高；3）一般年份，夏玉米需水量与降水耦合度高，降水基本能满足夏玉米生产；水分亏缺严重的年份，应在吐丝-成熟期补灌1次。 |
| 关键词: 夏玉米 需水量 干旱 水分亏缺指数 黑龙港地区 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2018.09.01 |
| 投稿时间：2017-09-13 |
| 基金项目:粮食丰产增效科技创新专项（2016YFD0300201）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201103001） |
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| Study on the water deficit trend of summer maize in recent 35 years in Wuqiao County, Hebei Province |
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SHANG Mengfei, YANG Meng, FENG Yupeng, JIA Hao, LI Shuo, SONG Yingjie, CHEN Fu, CHU Qingquan
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| (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To improve the WUE and grain yield of summer maize and make the best of rainfall in limited irrigation conditions in Heilonggang, based on summer maize yield and observed daily meteorological from 1981 to 2015, the crop water requirement, coupling degree between rainfall and water requirement, crop water deficit index (CWDI) and influence of CWDI on summer maize yield in the growth periods of summer maize were analyzed by SIMETAW model. The results showed that:1) In recent 35 years, CWDI in the summer maize season was not significantly decreased with time, while coupling degree between rainfall and water requirement not significantly increased, and the water requirement of summer maize increased significantly. The extension of growth period was the dominant factor for the increase of summer maize water requirement, and the growth period extended more than 20 days in recent 30 years. 2) The main drought types in summer maize growth period, no drought and light drought probability, were respectively 51.43% and 45.71%. From seeding to emergence period and from tasseling to maturity period, CWDI were the highest. 3) In general years, when the coupling degree between rainfall and water requirement were high, rainfall could offer summer maize basically enough water. However, in serious water deficit years, maize should be irrigated between tasseling and maturity period. |
| Key words: summer maize water requirement drought crop water deficit index Heilonggang area |
