| 摘要: |
| 为探究华北地下水超采区冬小麦进一步减灌节水的有效栽培措施，2013-2016年，以石麦15为试材，进行只灌底墒水、生育期不灌溉的贮墒旱作模式（W0）与现行春季灌2水的节水灌溉模式（W2）比较试验，研究2种栽培模式对冬小麦耗水特征和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：1）W0与W2相比，3年平均产量降低16.6%，主要是因为穗数和穗粒数减少，库容降低，但千粒重明显增加；2）W0全生育期耗水强度较低，主要是拔节后耗水强度逐渐降低，其总耗水量比W2减少52 mm；3）与W2相比，W0提高了土壤水分利用率，开花前较多地利用0~100 cm土层的土壤贮水，成熟时耗水深度达到200 cm，增加了对土壤深层贮水利用，麦收后多腾出土壤水分库容99 mm，有利于接纳夏季降雨，减少汛期雨水损失；4） W0在减少灌溉用水150 mm的条件下，获得6 600 kg/hm2以上产量，其水分利用效率与W2无显著差异，达到1.8 kg/m3以上。研究认为，在华北地下水超采区推广贮墒旱作模式，并与节水灌溉模式合理轮作，能大幅度减少灌溉用水并实现适度丰产和水分高效的结合。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦 产量 旱作模式 土壤贮水消耗 水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2018.02.02 |
| 投稿时间：2017-02-02 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300401）；国家小麦产业技术体系（CARS301） |
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| Water use characteristics of no-irrigating winter wheat under storing available soil water before sowing |
|
HAN Meikun, HUANG Qin, LI Jinpeng, WANG Yunqi, XU Xuexin, WANG Zhimin
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| (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| A successive three-year field experiment was conducted to explore the water use characteristics of no-irrigating winter wheat under storing available soil water before sowing in the North China Plain.The experiment included two water treatments,no-irrigation (W0) and supplement-irrigation (75 mm at jointing +75 mm at flowering,W2) during wheat growth stage.Both treatments had available soil water of additional 75 mm water before sowing.The results showed that the grain yield of W0 was reduced by 16.6% compared to W2 due to lower spike number and kernel number per spike.The W0 treatment reduced the total water consumption amount by 52 mm,with lower water consumption per day after jointing.Because of no irrigation,the W0 treatment extracted more storage soil water at the 0-100 cm soil layer before flowering,while at maturity,its maximum extraction depth being 200 cm,holding an enlarged soil reservoir capacity for summer precipitation.There was no significant difference in water use efficiency between W0 and W2 treatments.Therefore,no-irrigating wheat under storing available soil water before sowing was a potential water-saving pattern that maintaining food safely in production and reducing pumping groundwater in the North China Plain. |
| Key words: winter wheat grain yield no-irrigating regime soil water consumption water use efficiency |
